Preventive and Social Medicine (PSM)

Examples of Direct and Indirect Transmission

types of transmission in vectors examples
1- Propagative
2- cyclo propagative
3- cyclo developmental
4- transovarial
5-transstadial

Antropozoonoses-
Zooanthroponoses-
Amphixenosis -

age of distribution of disease
Typhoid -
measles -
chicken pox-
rubella -
diphtheria-

Disease —
control is to
elimination is to
eradication is when

diseases eliminated in India
and eradicated in world

endemic is when -
hyper endemic is when -
holo endemic is when-

AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) surveillance criteria and indicators
and NATIONAL POLIO SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM basic
P 1,2,3 strains

polio free status in
India achieved on (not eradicated)

third dose of fIPV introduced on

Hills criteria for disease causation
1-most difficult
2- most important

best to eliminate known confounder

best to eliminate known and unknown confounder

best to eliminate
Bias -
confounding-

types of bias
1)selection-
2)recall-
3)Berksonian-
4)attrition-
5)hawthorne-
6)pygmalion-
7)neyman/survival/incidence prevalence-