Gas Exchange
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1
What is the main purpose of lungs?
Gas exchange for oxygen and carbon dioxide
2
What happens during breathing?
Ventilation (inspiration and expiration)
3
What are the two branches from the trachea?
Bronchi
4
What are smaller airways in lungs called?
Bronchioles
5
Where does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli
6
What surrounds the alveoli?
Capillaries
7
What moves air in and out of lungs?
Ribcage, intercostal muscles, diaphragm
8
What happens during inspiration?
Air enters due to lower pressure
9
What contracts during inspiration?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
10
What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration?
It flattens and moves downward
11
What happens to the ribcage during inspiration?
It moves upwards and outwards
12
What happens during expiration?
Air exits due to higher pressure
13
What relaxes during expiration?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
14
What happens to the ribcage during expiration?
It moves downwards and inwards
15
Why is expiration passive?
It requires no energy
16
What happens during forced expiration?
Intercostal muscles actively contract
17
What is the alveolar epithelium?
Thin layer of alveolar cells
18
Why is alveolar epithelium thin?
Short diffusion path for gases
19
What increases diffusion speed in alveoli?
Large surface area and ventilation
20
What diffuses out of the alveoli?
Oxygen (O₂)
21
What diffuses into the alveoli?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
22
What maintains the diffusion gradient?
Ventilation and blood flow
23
What ensures rapid gas exchange?
Steep oxygen and CO₂ gradient
24
What increases alveoli's surface area?
Numerous small sacs in lungs
25
What connects alveoli to bronchioles?
Alveolar ducts
26
What lines the alveoli?
Moist epithelium
27
What carries oxygenated blood away?
Capillaries surrounding alveoli
28
What kind of process is inspiration?
Active (requires energy)
29
What kind of process is normal expiration?
Passive (no energy required)
30
What happens during deep breathing?
More muscles actively used
31
What happens to alveoli during ventilation?
Pressure changes allow gas flow
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