The File System and Its Problems
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1
What preceded database systems?
File systems
2
What were manual file systems based on?
File folders kept in cabinets
3
What happened when file systems were converted to computer systems?
Many home-grown systems were created, each with its own application programs
4
Why are traditional file systems considered obsolete today?
Because managing data with file systems is inefficient and inflexible
5
What is a major limitation of file systems regarding programming?
They require extensive programming
6
Why is system administration difficult in file systems?
Because managing and maintaining file structures is complex
7
Why is making changes to an existing file structure difficult?
Because all programs that use the file must also be modified
8
Why are errors common when modifying file systems?
Changes often introduce errors and require debugging time
9
Why were security features weak in file systems?
They were hard to program and often omitted or inadequate
10
Why do independent files often contain redundant data?
Because each file is created separately without coordination
11
What is data redundancy?
Unnecessary duplication of attribute values in different places
12
What is data inconsistency?
Conflicting versions of the same data due to redundancy
13
What are data anomalies?
Problems that occur when changes in redundant data are not properly made
14
What is an update anomaly?
When a change is made in one file but not in another where the same data exists
15
What is an insertion anomaly?
When new records cannot be added because required related data is missing
16
What is a deletion anomaly?
When deleting a record unintentionally removes needed information
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