Sounding Equipment
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Bathymetry
Representation of the underwater topography of the seafloor
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Sounding
Process of determining the depth of a water body's bed at a particular point
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Bed profile determination
One of the primary operations in hydrographic surveying
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Direct method
Method of measuring depth using physical contact with the bed
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Indirect method
Method of determining depth using acoustic techniques
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Transducer
Device that converts electrical energy into high-frequency sound
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Sound Navigation and Ranging
SONAR stands for
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Echosounder
Instrument that transmits underwater sound pulses and receives their echoes to determine depth
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Ping
Underwater sound pulse emitted by an echosounder
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Footprint
Area of the bottom illuminated by a sonar pulse
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Swath width
Width of the bottom coverage across the vessel's path
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Single Beam Echosounder
Instrument also known as a fathometer
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Sounding rod or pole
Graduated in meters, decimeters, and half-decimeters.
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Sounding rod or pole
Unsuitable for strong currents because verticality is difficult to maintain.
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Leadline
Thin rope with a plummet attached to the end.
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Leadline
Unsuitable for swift-flowing water or strong currents.
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Sounding machine
Improved version of the leadline method.
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Sounding machine
Large numbers of soundings in water up to approximately 30 m deep.
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Single Beam Echosounder (SBES)
Also called a fathometer.
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Single Beam Echosounder (SBES)
Primarily provides depth measurements along the vessel's survey track.
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Multibeam Echosounder (MBES)
Uses a transducer with a wide angular lateral aperture.
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Multibeam Echosounder (MBES)
Helps reduce or eliminate gaps between surveyed areas when properly planned.
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Multichannel Echosounder (MCES)
Uses a sweep system to map the seafloor across a swath.
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Multichannel Echosounder (MCES)
Provides detailed bottom imagery through depth and bottom detection.
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