InterDigital IT Infrastructure Interview Prep
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1
What does InterDigital primarily do?
Researches and licenses wireless, video, and AI-related technologies.
2
What is the main purpose of this IT Infrastructure internship?
Support hybrid IT operations, troubleshooting, cloud, IAM, and automation.
3
What is a hybrid IT environment?
A mix of on-premises infrastructure and cloud-based resources.
4
What is the strongest theme to emphasize to the hiring manager?
Systematic troubleshooting, reliable operations, and willingness to learn.
5
Why does infrastructure interest a cybersecurity student?
Securing systems requires understanding how they are built, operated, and maintained.
6
What makes infrastructure operations different from a personal lab?
Production systems require change control, uptime, coordination, and rollback plans.
7
How should I describe technologies I have not used?
Be transparent; connect related experience and explain how I would learn.
8
What is the internship’s expected start and initial duration?
January 2027; initially three months, potentially extendable.
9
What is InterDigital’s required onsite schedule?
Three days per week in Conshohocken, Pennsylvania.
10
What is an effective closing question for the manager?
What would success look like after the first three months?
11
What does DNS do?
Translates domain names into IP addresses and supports service discovery.
12
What does DHCP provide?
Automatic IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and DNS configuration.
13
What is a default gateway?
The router used to reach networks outside the local subnet.
14
What is a subnet mask?
It identifies which part of an IP address represents the local network.
15
What is a VLAN?
A logical Layer 2 segmentation of a network.
16
What is NAT?
Translation of IP addresses, often allowing private devices outbound connectivity.
17
What is the difference between TCP and UDP?
TCP provides reliable ordered delivery; UDP is connectionless.
18
What port does SSH normally use?
TCP 22.
19
What port does DNS normally use?
UDP/TCP 53.
20
What ports does DHCP normally use?
UDP 67 for server and 68 for client.
21
What port does HTTPS normally use?
TCP 443.
22
What port does Kerberos normally use?
TCP/UDP 88.
23
What ports does LDAP/LDAPS normally use?
TCP 389 / 636.
24
What port does SMB normally use?
TCP 445.
25
What port does RDP normally use?
TCP/UDP 3389.
26
What ports does WinRM normally use?
HTTP 5985 and HTTPS 5986.
27
What does a firewall control?
Allowed and denied traffic based on network security policy.
28
Why might ping fail even if a server is running?
ICMP might be blocked by a firewall or network policy.
29
A hostname fails but the IP works. What should I check?
DNS configuration, resolution, and relevant DNS records.
30
A server pings but HTTPS fails. What should I check?
TCP 443 reachability, listener, firewalls, service health, and TLS.
31
What does traceroute/tracert help reveal?
The network path and where packets may stop getting responses.
32
How do I check DNS resolution on Windows?
Resolve-DnsName or nslookup.
33
How do I test a TCP port in PowerShell?
Test-NetConnection host -Port 443.
34
How do I check routes on Linux?
ip route.
35
How do I see IP addresses on Linux?
ip addr.
36
What is the first step when a network service is unreachable?
Establish scope, symptoms, and whether other users or hosts are affected.
37
What is Active Directory Domain Services?
Centralized directory, authentication, and management for Windows domains.
38
What is a domain controller?
A server running AD DS that provides directory and authentication services.
39
What is an organizational unit (OU)?
A container to organize AD objects, delegate tasks, and scope policies.
40
What is Group Policy?
Centralized configuration of Windows user and computer settings.
41
What is Kerberos?
A ticket-based network authentication protocol.
42
What is a TGT?
A Ticket Granting Ticket used to request service tickets from the KDC.
43
What is a Kerberos service ticket?
A ticket presented by a client to authenticate to a particular service.
44
What is the Kerberos KDC?
The Key Distribution Center, typically hosted by a domain controller.
45
What is LDAP used for?
Querying and modifying directory information.
46
Why does Active Directory depend on DNS?
Clients use DNS, including SRV records, to locate domain services.
47
What is a service account?
An identity used by applications or services rather than a human user.
48
What is least privilege?
Grant only the permissions necessary to perform authorized tasks.
49
What is RBAC?
Role-based access control: permissions assigned through defined roles.
50
Authentication vs. authorization?
Authentication confirms identity; authorization determines allowed actions.
51
What is MFA?
Authentication using two or more distinct categories of evidence.
52
What is privileged access management?
Controlling, monitoring, and limiting high-privilege access.
53
A user asks for admin rights. What do I do?
Verify need, follow approvals, and grant only scoped necessary access.
54
What is Microsoft Entra ID?
Microsoft cloud identity and access management service; distinct from AD DS.
55
What can break when AD DNS is misconfigured?
Domain discovery, authentication, Group Policy, and service access.
56
What is AWS EC2?
A service for running cloud virtual machine instances.
57
What is an AWS VPC?
A logically isolated virtual network in AWS.
58
What is an Azure VNet?
A private virtual network for Azure resources.
59
What is an AWS security group?
A stateful, allow-rule network control associated with resource interfaces.
60
What is an Azure NSG?
A stateful network control with allow and deny rules on subnets or NICs.
61
Security group vs. IAM?
Security groups filter network traffic; IAM controls resource permissions.
62
What is AWS CloudWatch used for?
Metrics, logs, alarms, and operational monitoring.
63
What is Azure Monitor used for?
Collecting and analyzing telemetry from Azure and connected systems.
64
What is Amazon S3?
Cloud object storage for files and data objects.
65
What is Azure Blob Storage?
Azure object storage for unstructured data.
66
What is an AWS availability zone?
An isolated location within an AWS Region for resilient deployments.
67
What is cloud resource tagging used for?
Ownership, organization, automation, and cost allocation.
68
What should you monitor on a VM?
CPU, memory, storage, network, service health, and logs.
69
A cloud VM is unreachable. What do you check?
Status, IPoutes, NSG/security group, OS firewall, service, and logs.
70
How would you investigate unexpected cloud cost?
Review billing changes, resource inventory, usage, sizing, and recent changes.
71
What is a cloud shared responsibility model?
Provider secures cloud infrastructure; customers secure their use and configurations.
72
What is a cloud region?
A geographic area hosting multiple cloud infrastructure locations.
73
What is a hypervisor?
Software that creates and manages virtual machines.
74
What is a Type 1 hypervisor?
A hypervisor that runs directly on hardware.
75
What is a Type 2 hypervisor?
A hypervisor hosted within a conventional operating system.
76
What is Nutanix AHV?
A KVM-based enterprise hypervisor in the Nutanix infrastructure platform.
77
What is hyperconverged infrastructure (HCI)?
Integrated compute, storage, and virtualization managed as one platform.
78
What is Nutanix Prism?
Nutanix management tools for monitoring and administering infrastructure.
79
What is a virtual machine snapshot?
A point-in-time VM state; not a substitute for an independent backup.
80
What is live migration?
Moving a running VM between hosts with minimal interruption.
81
Virtual machine vs. container?
VM has a guest OS; container shares host kernel while isolating processes.
82
What is a Docker image?
A packaged template used to create containers.
83
What is a Docker container?
An isolated runtime instance of an image.
84
What is a Docker bridge network?
A virtual Layer 2 network connecting containers to each other and host routing.
85
How does a bridge-mode container usually access the internet?
Through the host, typically using IP forwarding and source NAT.
86
What is a Docker volume?
Persistent data storage managed separately from the container writable layer.
87
Why did an amd64 image fail on an ARM64 Mac?
CPU architecture mismatch without appropriate emulation or compatible image.
88
What is a VM host?
A physical or virtual machine providing resources to guest VMs.
89
What is IOPS?
Input/output operations per second; a storage performance measure.
90
How do I check a Linux service?
systemctl status SERVICE.
91
How do I examine systemd service logs?
journalctl -u SERVICE.
92
How do I see Linux listening sockets?
ss -tulnp.
93
How do I check disk usage in Linux?
df -h.
94
How do I check memory usage in Linux?
free -h.
95
How do I inspect running Linux processes?
ps aux or top.
96
What does chmod do?
Changes filesystem permission bits.
97
What does chown do?
Changes file or directory ownership.
98
How do I list services in PowerShell?
Get-Service.
99
How do I view recent Windows system events?
Get-WinEvent -LogName System -MaxEvents 20.
100
How do I inspect active Windows processes?
Get-Process or Task Manager.
101
A Linux service crashes repeatedly. What next?
Inspect unit status, logs, dependencies, resources, and recent changes.
102
A disk is almost full. What do you do first?
Check usage and growth sources before safely freeing space or expanding storage.
103
Why avoid restarting services blindly?
It may mask the cause, interrupt users, or worsen an incident.
104
What is a change rollback plan?
A documented way to revert a change if validation fails.
105
What is a runbook?
Documented steps for a repeatable operational task or incident.
106
What makes a good troubleshooting response?
Establish scope, gather evidence, isolate cause, test fix, verify, document.
107
How do you prioritize multiple incidents?
Use business impact, urgency, service criticality, and established escalation rules.
108
What is infrastructure as code?
Managing infrastructure with version-controlled declarative configurations.
109
What is Terraform?
A tool for provisioning and managing infrastructure through code.
110
What does terraform init do?
Initializes the working directory and installs required providers/modules.
111
What does terraform plan do?
Previews proposed infrastructure changes without applying them.
112
What does terraform apply do?
Executes planned infrastructure changes after approval.
113
What is Terraform state?
A record mapping managed configurations to real infrastructure resources.
114
What is AWS CloudFormation?
AWS-native infrastructure provisioning through declarative templates.
115
What is PowerShell mainly useful for in this role?
Automating Windows administration and Microsoft platform tasks.
116
What is Python useful for in infrastructure?
Automating reports, APIs, health checks, and repetitive workflows.
117
What is idempotency in automation?
Repeated runs produce the same desired end state without unintended changes.
118
What is a safe first automation project?
Read-only inventory, disk usage, or service status reports.
119
What should be tested before deploying a script?
Correctness, edge cases, permissions, logging, errors, and rollback.
120
What should you do with AI-generated scripts?
Review, validate, test safely, and follow change-control procedures.
121
What data should not go into unapproved AI tools?
Credentials, sensitive company information, and confidential configuration.
122
What is Git useful for in infrastructure?
Change tracking, collaboration, review, and version control.
123
What is Cohesity?
An enterprise data protection and backupecovery platform provider.
124
What does RPO mean?
Recovery Point Objective: maximum tolerable data loss measured in time.
125
What does RTO mean?
Recovery Time Objective: target time to restore a service.
126
What is a full backup?
A backup of the complete selected data set.
127
What is an incremental backup?
A backup of changes since the preceding backup in the supported chain.
128
What is an immutable backup?
A backup protected from modification or deletion for a set retention period.
129
What is the 3-2-1 backup guideline?
Three copies, two storage media types, and one offsite copy.
130
How do you verify that backups actually work?
Check job coverage and perform successful restore tests.
131
What is a monitoring alert?
A notification when telemetry crosses a defined condition or threshold.
132
What is an SLA?
A service-level agreement defining committed service expectations.
133
What is patch management?
Controlled assessment, testing, deployment, and verification of updates.
134
Why document a maintenance change?
To support approval, communication, validation, audit, and rollback.
135
What infrastructure did I configure in my AD lab?
Windows Server Core, static IP, DNS, AD DS, OUs, users, and service accounts.
136
What did the AD lab teach me?
Identity, DNS, network configuration, and authentication are interconnected.
137
What AWS project best illustrates cloud operations?
Ubuntu EC2 Wazuh deployment with restricted security groups and log monitoring.
138
Why did I restrict Wazuh ports to my IP?
To reduce unnecessary exposure of administrative and management services.
139
What did I troubleshoot in my Azure lab?
Service connectivity across NSGs, host firewall, and possible external filtering.
140
How should I describe unresolved Azure connectivity?
Explain tests and evidence; avoid claiming an unproven root cause.
141
What did I learn from the MCP Docker image issue?
Check CPU architecture, dependencies, and independently verify fixes.
142
How can I position my AI/MCP project for an IT role?
Focus on integration, containers, debugging, approved automation, and safety.
143
How do I answer “Why this role?”
I want to apply hands-on labs to enterprise hybrid operations and automation.
144
How do I answer “What do you do when you do not know?”
Research, test safely, explain findings, and ask targeted questions.
145
How should I handle an accidental production-impacting change?
Notify, contain impact, follow rollback/escalation, and document lessons.
146
What is my biggest experience gap?
Limited production enterprise work; I am ready to learn its operational discipline.
147
What projects should I emphasize first?
Active Directory, AWS Wazuh, Azure infrastructure, then Docker/MCP.
148
What should I ask about hybrid infrastructure?
How is the team’s work divided across on-premises systems and AWS/Azure?
149
What should I ask about automation?
Which repetitive infrastructure tasks are highest priority to improve?
150
What should I ask about internship success?
What would strong performance look like after the initial three months?
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