IT Hardware and Mobile Troubleshooting
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1
A laptop battery that once lasted a working day now lasts about an hour, and the laptop still reports 100 percent when fully charged. Which statement about that battery is NOT true?
- The figure describes how full the pack is, not how much it holds
- Recalibrating the gauge will not restore the lost runtime
- Its usable capacity has fallen through repeated cycling
- Reaching 100 percent shows that the problem is not the battery itself
2
What does a battery gauge report?
How full a pack is against the capacity it has today
3
What does reaching 100 percent on a worn battery confirm?
Only that the charging circuit works
4
What happens to lithium cells with every charge and discharge?
They lose usable capacity
5
What does recalibrating a battery gauge do?
Re-teaches the gauge where empty and full sit without adding anything back
6
Usable capacity of lithium cells falls through repeated cycling.
7
A wired headset plugged into a phone plays sound that crackles and cuts out when the cable is nudged, and its microphone is not picked up at all. What should the technician check first?
- Whether the socket holds debris or has damaged contacts
- Whether the headset uses a different wiring standard
- Whether the headset's impedance suits the phone
- Whether the headset's cable is damaged near the plug
8
Why does pocket lint in a headphone socket cause sound to break up?
It stops the plug seating fully so some contacts touch and others do not
9
Why is the microphone ring often left unconnected by debris in the headphone socket?
Because the microphone ring sits deepest in the socket
10
What does headset impedance affect?
How loud a headset plays
11
Why is a different wiring standard ruled out if a headset works on a colleague's phone?
It would put the microphone and ground contacts in the wrong order on every phone rather than this one
12
A user's phone receives email normally on household wireless but will not send, while mobile data sends immediately. What should be suspected?
- The home router's outbound filtering
- The phone's outgoing server settings
- The phone's available storage
- The mail provider's servers
13
Why does sending working on mobile data point away from phone settings?
The same configuration is used either way
14
Why do some routers and providers block the outgoing mail port?
To limit spam from within the house
15
What prevents receiving and saving mail rather than sending?
Full storage
16
A firewall is being opened for a legacy file transfer service that sends credentials and data in the clear. Which port carries that control connection?
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 25
17
Which port carries SSH, SFTP, and SCP?
Port 22
18
Which port carries Telnet?
Port 23
19
Which port carries SMTP for mail between servers?
Port 25
20
What is File Transfer Protocol (FTP) known for regarding security?
It offers no encryption and sends credentials and data in the clear
21
A user pairs a new keyboard with their laptop that holds the connection, runs for months on a coin cell, and reconnects automatically. Which technology is it using?
- Bluetooth
- NFC
- Wi-Fi Direct
- Infrared
22
What makes Bluetooth suitable for coin cell peripherals?
Demands low enough power for a coin cell to last months with a persistent low-power link
23
What is the operating range limitation of NFC?
Only works when two devices nearly touch, within a few centimeters
24
Why is Wi-Fi Direct unsuitable for a coin cell peripheral?
Its power draw would empty a coin cell quickly due to high throughput
25
Infrared requires an unbroken line of sight between the two devices.
26
After a switch failure, messages were overwritten on the switch. What should be deployed to send messages elsewhere as they occur and keep them?
- A syslog server
- A monitoring dashboard
- A SIEM platform
- An SNMP manager
27
What is syslog?
The protocol network devices use to send their own event messages elsewhere as they happen
28
How does an SNMP manager collect data compared to syslog?
It asks questions at intervals by polling devices for counters and status
29
What is the role of a SIEM platform?
Correlates and alerts on log data across a company, usually taking a syslog feed as input
30
A company wants each outgoing message signed so receiving servers can confirm it was not altered and came from the domain. What should be added?
- A DKIM record
- TLS on the mail server
- A second SPF record
- A DMARC policy
31
How does DKIM function?
The sending server signs each message with a private key and publishes the matching public key in DNS
32
What happens if a domain publishes more than one SPF record?
Validation fails outright
33
What is the purpose of a DMARC policy?
Tells receivers what to do when checks fail and where to send reports
34
What does TLS do on a mail server?
Encrypts the connection between two servers protecting the message while in flight
35
A device sits at the boundary between a company network and the internet, permitting or denying each connection according to administrator rules. Which device is this?
- A firewall
- An intrusion detection system
- A managed switch
- A router
36
What is the difference between an intrusion detection system and a firewall?
An intrusion detection system watches traffic and raises alerts, observing rather than blocking
37
What is the primary function of a managed switch?
Moves frames within the network and can separate them into VLANs inside the boundary
38
What defines a router?
Chooses paths between networks and forwards accordingly
39
A three-person home office has one broadband line needing internet for all, local network reachability, and wireless for laptops. Which single device covers all of this?
- A router
- A bridge
- A hub
- A repeater
40
What functions does a home router combine in one box?
Holds public address, translates private addresses, switches local traffic, and runs a wireless access point
41
What is the function of a network bridge?
Joins two network segments so they behave as one locally
42
What does a hub do?
Repeats every incoming signal to all its ports within a single segment
43
What is the function of a repeater?
Regenerates a weakened signal to extend a run addressing distance
44
A county government links eleven buildings over fifteen miles using fiber it owns and maintains. Which type of network is this?
- A MAN
- A WAN
- A LAN
- A CAN
45
What is the span of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
Larger than a single site but smaller than long-haul links between cities, typically a few dozen miles
46
What characterizes a Wide Area Network (WAN)?
Covers far greater distances and rides on circuits leased from carriers
47
What characterizes a Campus Area Network (CAN)?
Joins buildings sitting together on one property where owner's land is continuous
48
What does a Local Area Network (LAN) serve?
One building or floor
49
Users on one floor report a slow business application. Which tool shows actual packets crossing that floor's link, including retransmissions and delays?
- A protocol analyzer
- A toner probe
- A cable tester
- A loopback plug
50
What is the purpose of a toner probe?
Puts a signal on a cable so its other end can be located in a bundle or patch panel
51
What does a cable tester check?
A cable's wiring and continuity confirming pairs are correct and unbroken
52
What does a loopback plug do?
Returns a port's own transmission to itself so the port and driver can be tested without a network
53
During a service visit, a customer asks about the benefits of a smartphone with a higher refresh rate. Which advantage should be mentioned?
- Smoother scrolling and animations
- More natural color reproduction
- Sharper, more detailed images
- Better sunlight visibility
54
What determines color reproduction on a smartphone screen?
Panel technology and calibration
55
What determines sharpness and detail on a display?
Resolution, the number of pixels
56
What determines sunlight visibility on a display?
Peak brightness and anti-reflective coatings
57
A campus needs a link between two buildings roughly two kilometers apart, carrying 10 Gbps with an existing conduit. Which cable should be pulled?
- Single-mode fiber
- Cat 6A
- Multimode fiber
- Coaxial
58
Why is single-mode fiber used between buildings over kilometers?
It carries one narrow path of light down a very small core keeping the signal coherent
59
Why is multimode fiber limited to a few hundred meters at 10 Gbps?
Its wider core lets light take several paths arriving at slightly different times
60
What is the distance limit of Cat 6A for 10 Gbps?
100 meters, a limit set by the copper itself
61
A memory type both detects single-bit errors in stored data and repairs them as read without halting the system. Which type is this?
- ECC RAM
- Parity RAM
- Registered RAM
- Non-parity RAM
62
How does ECC RAM work?
Stores extra check bits with each word to work out which bit went wrong and put it right on the fly
63
How does parity memory differ from ECC?
Carries one extra bit per byte, enough to notice a change but not say what changed, typically reporting by halting
64
What is the purpose of registered RAM?
Places a buffer between controller and chips so a board can carry more modules reliably
65
A technician fits an optical drive into a desktop built last year. Which motherboard interface will the drive plug into?
- SATA
- SAS
- IDE
- M.2
66
Why is IDE no longer found on recent desktop motherboards?
Boards stopped providing the connector well over a decade ago
67
What is SAS used for?
An enterprise interface for server drive backplanes
68
What is an M.2 slot used for?
Small circuit boards, almost always SSDs
69
A technician needs a motherboard for two full-length graphics cards plus a capture card and a sound card with airflow room. Which form factor should be chosen?
- ATX
- Mini-ITX
- microATX
- Nano-ITX
70
What allows ATX boards to support seven expansion slots with sufficient spacing?
Its larger board area
71
How many slots does microATX typically offer?
Four slots
72
What is Mini-ITX intended for?
Compact builds with a single slot
73
A newly built workstation idles fine but cuts out under heavy graphics load, with the motherboard main power connector warm and discolored. What is the cause?
- Only twenty of the twenty-four pins are seated
- The supply is delivering more wattage than needed
- The twelve-volt rail is out of tolerance
- The card is drawing more than its slot is rated for
74
Why did ATX connectors add four pins to the original twenty?
To give the board and expansion slots more capacity to draw current for processors and graphics cards
75
What happens to heat in an electrical contact as current passes through fewer pins?
It rises with the square of the current through it
76
A legal office scans contracts to email, but files over fifty pages fail due to message size limits. How should the technician solve this?
- Set the device to scan into a folder on the file server
- Lower the scan resolution
- Split long contracts into batches
- Raise the attachment limit on the mail server
77
Why is scanning into a folder on the server better than lowering scan resolution for long legal documents?
It preserves full quality and length without degrading documents needed as evidence
78
During the laser printing process, what is the correct order of steps from start to finish?
- Processing, Charging, Exposing, Developing, Transferring, Fusing, Cleaning
- Charging, Processing, Exposing, Developing, Transferring, Fusing, Cleaning
- Processing, Exposing, Charging, Developing, Transferring, Fusing, Cleaning
- Processing, Charging, Exposing, Developing, Fusing, Transferring, Cleaning
79
What happens during the charging step of laser printing?
Lays a uniform charge across the drum
80
What happens during the exposing step of laser printing?
Writes the image onto the drum with the laser
81
What happens during the developing step of laser printing?
Draws toner onto the exposed areas
82
A company wants several isolated environments running at the same time on one physical server. Which TWO technologies allow this?
- Type 1 hypervisor virtual machines
- Containers running on the host
- A dual-boot configuration
- A RAID array across server disks
- Multiple user profiles
83
How do containers differ from virtual machines regarding the operating system?
Containers share the host's kernel, making them lighter but unable to supply a different operating system
84
A cloud archive provider monthly bill spiked sharply this month and repeated the pattern from last year. What is the most likely reason?
- A recovery test downloaded everything to the office
- A promotional discount expired
- The provider raised published rates
- A large amount of new data was uploaded
85
A workstation stable for two years crashes daily since a new scanner was installed with memory and storage passing diagnostics. What should the technician do first?
- Roll back the newly added driver
- Replace memory modules
- Reinstall the operating system
- Run an extended disk surface scan
86
A failed RAID controller is swapped, drives spin up and are listed individually, but the boot volume is gone. What is the most likely reason?
- The replacement has not adopted the existing array
- Several drives failed at the same moment
- The partition table was erased
- Drives were reconnected in different order
87
A laptop connected to a TV via HDMI displays video correctly, but sound plays from laptop speakers. What is the most likely reason?
- Attaching a display does not change the selected playback device
- The HDMI cable carries video only
- The TV's audio return channel is switched off
- A separate audio cable is required
88
An illustrator's tablet stylus leaves no mark while finger touch works normally across the screen. What should be checked first?
- Whether the pen has power
- Whether the digitizer has failed
- Whether a screen protector is blocking input
- Whether palm rejection is switched on
89
An office network authenticates against a central server, but one laptop asks for credentials repeatedly and never joins. What is the most likely reason?
- The laptop does not trust the certificate presented to it
- The saved profile holds the old password
- The wireless adapter driver is out of date
- The hardware address is blocked
90
A printer continually feeds multiple sheets of paper at once. What might be contributing to this problem?
- The separation pad is worn
- The pickup rollers are worn
- The tray is set for the wrong paper size
- The tray guides are misaligned
91
What is the job of the printer separation pad?
To hold back every sheet except the top one
92
A warehouse wants pallets logged automatically at doorways with cents-costing battery-less tags readable several feet away. Which technology fits?
- RFID
- Bluetooth
- Wi-Fi
- NFC
93
Why are NFC tags unsuitable for warehouse doorway pallet tracking?
Its range is a few centimeters by design requiring someone to bring a reader to each carton
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