Surveying Fundamentals
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1
What is the main structural difference in the eyepiece of an erecting telescope compared to an inverting telescope?
An erecting telescope eyepiece contains more lenses
2
What term describes the apparent movement of cross-hairs over an image caused by a slight movement of the eye from side to side?
Parallax
3
Why does the condition of parallax occur in a transit or level telescope?
The cross-hairs are not in the focal plane of the eyepiece
4
What area and curvature constraints define plane surveys?
They cover limited areas and disregard the earth's curvature
5
What spatial scale and curvature considerations characterize geodetic surveys?
They involve large areas and take the earth's curvature into account
6
What is the primary purpose of topographic surveys?
To determine ground surface shape and locate natural and artificial features
7
How should calculations be checked to prevent repeating an error made by the original computer?
By reviewing data transcription and checking with independent methods
8
What type of scale is most frequently used by draftsmen to determine distances?
The engineer's scale
9
What action must a surveyor take with a compass needle to ensure accurate field work?
Keep the magnetic needle swinging freely at all times
10
Which organization is responsible for establishing precise horizontal and vertical control points for detailed surveys?
The Coast and Geodetic Survey
11
How are constant or systematic errors in surveying categorized regarding their effect?
As cumulative
12
How is the distance between two points specifically defined in surveying?
As the horizontal distance
13
How tight should the nuts and bolts at the head of a tripod be adjusted?
So the legs permit a slight twist for adjusting position
14
What is an auxiliary scale that slides along the main scale of a transit to subdivide its smallest divisions called?
A vernier
15
What does the least count of a vernier represent?
The smallest value that can be read directly from the scale
16
What action can be taken to determine drainage requirements in highway surveys if USGS quadrangle maps and aerial photos are unavailable?
The perimeter of larger drainage areas may be traversed
17
How should a survey supervisor's relations with a subordinate chief of party be managed?
Varied depending upon circumstances
18
What is considered the single most important responsibility of a field survey supervisor?
To get work done efficiently
19
How is the breakdown of costs into direct and indirect factors viewed when calculating survey party expenses?
It is considered arbitrary
20
What is the mandatory first step before executing a survey for a potential highway location?
To obtain and check a USGS quadrangle map and aerial photos
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