genetics

genetic variation is the differences in the DNA bases among individuals or within a population.

genotype is the combination of 2 alleles coding for a trait

phenotype is the physical representation of the genotype.

in sexual reproduction, cells undergo a process called meiosis to produce gametes(sperm for male and egg for female). Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in half, resulting in halpoid gamates(containing 1 set of chromosomes), this is essential for introducing genetic diversity.

fertilization involves the fusion of a haploid sperm cell from the male and a haploid egg cell from the female. the fusion creates a diploid zygote, with genetically diverse information.

genetic variation arises from independent assortment of alleles from both parents resulting in unique combianations of genes.

crossing over during meiosis, further increases genetic diversity as genetic materials are shuffled, creating new combinations of alleles.

a random but permanent change in the DNA bases, which forms new alleles and creates genetic diversity.

genetic diversity is crucial for the survival of species from better adaptation to the environmental challenges. in a diverse population, some individuals may posses genetic traits that makes them more resistant to certain environmental factors. when exposed to selective pressure, those individuals with advantageous genetic traits have a higher likelihood of survivng and passing on their beneficial traits to the next generation. overtime the population can adapt to changing conditions and gain advantage in the population, allowing greater survival.

sexual reproduction generates genetic diversity by combining genetic material(DNA) of two parents, using gamates.

DNA is a molecule that holds the genetic information of living organisms. it's double-stranded chain of nucleotides is made up of 4 bases (A, T, C, and G) that determine a individuals trait.

a specific segment of DNA is called a gene, which codes for an specific characteristic.

different versions of the gene are called alleles.

diseases caused by the environmental factor, not genetics, are not inherited.

reproductive cells(gamates) can only pass on genetic characteristics.