History of Christian Schisms and Reformation
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1
Great Schism (1054 CE)?
Split between Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
2
Two causes of Great Schism?
1. Papal Authority (Pope vs collective ruleing). 2. Filioque Clause (Holy Spirit debate, adding "and the son' for the catholics).
3
Protestant Reformation (1517 CE)?
Martin Luther protesting Catholic Church corruption.
4
Meaning of Sola Scriptura?
Bible alone holds religious authority.
5
Meaning of Sola Fide?
Faith alone saves a person.
6
Three new Protestant branches?
1. Lutheran 2. Calvinist 3. Anglican (Church of England).
7
Council of Trent (1545)?
Catholic Counter-Reformation. Fixed corruption but kept Catholic doctrines.
8
Supreme authority for Catholics?
The Pope.
9
Supreme authority for Protestants?
The Bible (Sola Scriptura).
10
Number of Catholic/Orthodox sacraments?
Seven (7) sacraments.
11
Number of Protestant sacraments?
Two (2): Baptism and Holy Communion.
12
Key feature of Orthodox worship?
Use of Icons (sacred paintings).
13
How Christianity arrived in Australia?
With the First Fleet (1788) via British colonisers.
14
Early Australian Sectarianism?
Tension/discrimination between Anglo-Protestants and Irish-Catholics.
15
Definition of Ecumenism?
Cooperation between different Christian denominations.
16
Local Ecumenical group?
NCCA (National Council of Churches in Australia).
17
Definition of Interfaith Dialogue?
Cooperation between different world religions (e.g., Christians and Muslims).
18
Goal of Interfaith Dialogue?
Promote peace, resolve conflict, and combat racism.
19
What was Christianity's earliest phase?
A small sect within Judaism under Roman rule called the Jesus Movement.
20
What was the Constantinian Shift in 313 CE?
Emperor Constantine legalised Christianity, turning it into the official Roman religion.
21
Where were the two geographic power bases of the Great Schism?
The Western Church in Rome and the Eastern Church in Constantinople.
22
What was a major political result of the Protestant Reformation?
It weakened the Pope's international power and strengthened local European monarchs.
23
What was the primary civic role of early Christian clergy in Australia?
They acted as government magistrates and moral police for the convict colony.
24
How did post-WWII migration change Australia's religious landscape?
Mass European migration introduced large numbers of Orthodox and Southern European Catholic Christians.
25
What global body represents over 350 Christian churches in ecumenical unity?
The World Council of Churches (WCC).
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