Psychology: Animal Studies (Attachment)
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1
Name the psychologist that studied imprinting
Lorenz
2
Name the psychologist that studied contact comforrt
Harlow
3
What is imprinting?
When animals attatch to the first moving object or living animal they see directly after birth
4
Describe Lorenz's procedure for studying imprinting
He randomly divided two groups of goose eggs:
Half hatched with th emother goose in a natural environment
Half hatched in an incubator where the first moving thing they saw was Lorenz
Half hatched with th emother goose in a natural environment
Half hatched in an incubator where the first moving thing they saw was Lorenz
5
Describe the findings of Lorenz's study into imprinting
The group hatched in the incubator followed Lorenz, and the group hatched with the mother goose followed her
6
If Lorenz mixed his two groups of goslings, what would happen?
They would separate to follow who they had imprinted on- the mother goose or Lorenz
7
Describe the idea of sexual imprinting
An animal will display sexual behaviours towards the moving object or living animal they imprinted on at birth
8
Give an example of sexual imprinting
A peacock born and raised surrounded by turtles desired to mate with the turtles later in life
9
What (and how many) animals did Harlow use in his contact comfort experiment?
16 baby Rhesus monkeys
10
How were the Rhesus monkeys kept in the contact comfort experiment?
Each in individual cages with one cloth mother and one wire mother
11
What did the cloth and wire mothers in the contact comfort experiment provide?
Cloth mother- comfort
Wire mother- milk
Wire mother- milk
12
When the baby Rhesus monkeys were scared in Harlow's experiment, what behaviours did they display?
They would run to the cloth mother
13
Which mother did the baby Rhesus monkeys in Harlow's experiment generally spend more time with?
The cloth mother
14
What does the large amount of time the baby Rhesus monkeys spent with the cloth mother in the contact comfort experiment suggest?
That contact comfort is more important than food in attatchment
15
The baby Rhesus monkeys in Harlow's studies were followed into sdulthood. Describe the 3 permanent effects of Harlow's experiments
Were less socialble and more aggressive than other Rhesus monkeys
Bread less and inskilled at mating
Some neglected or attacked their young
Bread less and inskilled at mating
Some neglected or attacked their young
16
How long is the critical period that Harlow identified?
90 days
17
(AO3) One limitation of animal studies to attatchment is that it is not generalisable to humans. Explain!
The mammalian attatchment system is different to the one in birds- mammalian mothers show more emotional attatchment to their young than birds to
Mammals can potentially fomr attatchments at any time in their lives with greater emotinal intensity
Lorenz's ideas about imprinting are not generalisable to humans.
There is low ecological validity as findings cannot be generalised beyond the research setting that they were found in
Mammals can potentially fomr attatchments at any time in their lives with greater emotinal intensity
Lorenz's ideas about imprinting are not generalisable to humans.
There is low ecological validity as findings cannot be generalised beyond the research setting that they were found in
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