BIO 465W Quiz 2

An area in which individuals exhibit a readiness to defend against intruders, and the owner has prioritized access to resources

the trade-offs in costs and benefits for maintaining territory

the resident always wins territory battles

residents have an edge in physical combat

residents place a higher value on a territory than rivals. Motivation to defend a territory increases with duration on territory

territorial animals are less agressive towards neighbors than they are towards strangers

between members of the same species

between members of different species

trait that gives a truthful impression of an individual's fitness

used to decieve and manipulate receiver and only benefit signaler

- avoid detection
- send a warning
- mimicry
- advertisement
- living in groups

- anti-ambush hypothesis
- alarm signal hypothesis
- confusion effect hypothesis
- social cohesion hypothesis
- pursuit deterrance hypothesis

associating in groups makes it less likely that one individual will be predated

- infertility
- reduced body mass
- increase disease susceptibility

the outcome of a disease requires:
- virulent pathogen
- susceptible horse
- favorable environmental factors

sickness behaviors
anorexia
self-medication
behavioral fever

self-grooming

dilution effect and selfish herd effect

action taken to prevent disease

individuals avoid feeding on areas of land containing fecal matter creates a paradox

animals choose to defecate in same areas

healthy individuals prefer to be near healthy individuals and avoid sick individuals

spatial and behavioral patterns animals use to avoid parasitism

general theory that explains why individuals distribute themselves spatially in certain ways in terms of the fitness gains generated by the decisions of individuals that are free to go wherever they choose. Why a les sideal environment might be a better choice than a more ideal habitat

hyper territorial males use up energy reserves and die sooner than less aggressive males

permanent movement to another area

relatively long distance movement to a new area seasonally or annually

orientation
navigation
sun compass

food and other resources influence migration

noise pollution
pheromones
ALAN/light pollution

A 3rd party individual that detects a signal transmitted between a signaler and receiver

moving as a group makes it harder for predators to single out prey

individuals in a gorup attempt to reduce their predation risk by putting others between themselves and the predator

increasing prey density decreases an individual's chance of being eaten because there are far more prey individuals than predators can eat

mobbing, alarm calling

grooming others

predation risk influences migration

occurs when the presence of bystanders influences the behavior of a signaler