Kinesiology

The body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward, with upper limbs at the body's sides and palms facing forward.

Joints are where human movement occur.

Sagittal (left and right), Frontal (front and back), and Transverse (top and bottom).

Flexion, Extension, Plantar Flexion, Dorsi Flexion.

Abduction, Adduction, Lateral Flexion, ANTI-Lateral Flexion, Depression, Elevation, Inversion, Eversion

Horizontal Flexion, Horizontal Extension, Internal Rotation, External Rotation, Rotation, Protraction, Retraction, Pronation, Supination

Decreasing Joint Angle while bringing the movable part of the joint more anterior, except at the knees

Increasing Joint Angle while bringing the movable part of the joint more posterior, except at the knees.

Shoulder, Elbow, Hip, Knee, Spine, Ankle.

Bringing the movable part of the joint AWAY from the midline LATERALLY

Bringing the movable part of the joint TOWARDS the midline MEDIALLY

Pointing the foot at the ground

Pointing the toes towards the shin

Shoulder and Hip.

Decreasing Joint Angle bringing the movable part of the joint ANTERIORLY in the transverse plane

Increasing Joint Angle bringing the movable part of the joint POSTERIORLY in the transverse plane

Pronation turns the palms downward, and supination turns the palms upward.

Depression, Elevation, Protraction, Retraction.

Rotating the movable part of the joint TOWARDS the mid line

Rotating the movable part of the joint AWAY from the mid line

Inversion brings the big toe toward the midline; eversion moves it away from the midline.

ANTI-flexion, ANTI-extension, ANTI-rotation, ANTI-lateral flexion; these involve resisting movement to maintain stability.

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Horizontal Extension, Horizontal Flexion, Internal Rotation, External Rotation.

Flexion and Extension

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Internal Rotation, External Rotation.

Flexion (Posteriorly), Extension (Anteriorly)

Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, Rotation, ANTI-Flexion, ANTI-Extension, ANTI-Rotation, ANTI-Lateral FLexion

Depression, Elevation, Protraction, Retraction

Pronation, Supination

Plantar Flexion, Dorsi Flexion

Inversion, Eversion

Squat, Bench Press, Deadlift.

Bicep Curl, Leg Curl, Tricep Extension.

Proximal means closer to the torso; distal means farther from the torso.

To promote proximal stability to allow for distal mobility.

The ability to CREATE movement

The ability to RESIST or CONTROL movement

Sagittal plane, as it involves flexion and extension at the elbow.

Shoulder abduction in the frontal plane.

Elbow extension and shoulder horizontal flexion

Pallof Press.

Hip, Knee, and Ankle joints.

Plantar Flexion.

Spinal rotation in the transverse plane.

Moving the scapula forward along the rib cage.

Transverse plane; spinal rotation.

It refers to something occurring on the opposite side of the body.

It refers to something occurring on the same side of the body.

'Proximal' means closer to the torso. Example: The shoulder is proximal to the elbow.

'Distal' means farther from the torso. Example: The hand is distal to the elbow.

'Superficial' refers to being closer to the surface of the body, while 'deep' refers to being farther from the surface.

Medial means TOWARDS the midline of the body.

Lateral means AWAY from the midline of the body.

Anterior.

Posterior.

They utilize more than one joint and target one or more muscles or muscle groups

Only one joint is involved, and it isolates one muscle or muscle group.

It provides a universal language for describing body positions and directions in healthcare and fitness.