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1
RF stands for what?
Radio Frequency
2
What is the RF frequency range?
20 kHz to 300 GHz
3
As frequency increases, what happens to wavelength?
It gets shorter (inversely proportional)
4
What RF band is used for submarine communication?
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)
5
What RF band is used for navigation and wireless heart rate sensors?
Very Low Frequency (VLF)
6
What RF band is used for AM broadcasting?
Medium Frequency (MF)
7
What RF band is used for FM broadcasting and TV broadcasting?
Very High Frequency (VHF)
8
What RF band is used for WiFi, Bluetooth, GPS, and mobile phones?
Ultra High Frequency (UHF)
9
What do transducers do?
Convert one form of energy to another
10
What does a microphone convert?
Sound energy to electrical energy
11
What does a speaker convert?
Electrical energy to sound energy
12
What does a solar cell convert?
Light energy to electrical energy
13
What is a sensor?
A device that detects a physical variable and converts it into a signal
14
What type of sensor requires external power?
Passive sensor
15
Give an example of a passive sensor
RTD or Strain Gauge
16
What type of sensor produces voltage without external power?
Active sensor
17
Give an example of an active sensor
Thermocouple or Piezoelectric sensor
18
What device amplifies a sensor signal into 4–20 mA or 1–5 V?
Transmitter
19
A sensor gives what type of output signal?
Continuous analog signal
20
A switch gives what type of output?
ON/OFF only
21
What does a photodiode do?
Converts light into electrical current
22
What does a photoresistor (LDR) do when light increases?
Its resistance decreases
23
What does a phototransistor do?
Uses light to control current
24
What do CCD or CMOS sensors convert?
Light into a digital image
25
What is the formula for pressure?
Force divided by area
26
What are common pressure units?
Pascal, Bar, PSI
27
What is the piezoelectric effect?
A material generates electrical charge when stressed
28
What type of pressure sensor changes resistance?
Piezoresistive sensor
29
What type of pressure sensor measures deformation?
Strain Gauge
30
What type of pressure sensor changes capacitance?
Capacitive sensor
31
Pressure measured against atmosphere is called what?
Gauge pressure
32
Pressure measured against a perfect vacuum is called what?
Absolute pressure
33
Pressure between two points is called what?
Differential pressure
34
What does an accelerometer measure?
Acceleration or movement
35
What does a gyroscope measure?
Rotation
36
What does a magnetometer measure?
Magnetic field
37
What does MEMS stand for?
Micro ElectroMechanical Systems
38
What does a MEMS accelerometer detect?
Movement by changing capacitance
39
What does a MEMS gyroscope measure?
Angular rotation
40
What does PIR stand for?
Passive Infrared
41
What does a PIR sensor detect?
Infrared radiation (body heat)
42
What material does a PIR sensor use to generate voltage?
Pyroelectric elements
43
What lens increases PIR detection range?
Fresnel lens
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