Cardiovascular System

Question 1

functions of blood

Accepted Answer

transportation regulation protection

Question 2

what does blood transport

Accepted Answer

oxygen carbon dioxide nutrients waste hormones

Question 3

what does blood regulate

Accepted Answer

body temperature by carrying heat pH fluid balance throughout the body

Question 4

how does blood protect

Accepted Answer

white blood cells and antibodies in the blood protect against infection

Question 5

the heart is a pump at the center of 2 intertwining circulatory systems:

Accepted Answer

pulmonary circulation systemic circulation

Question 6

pulmonary circulation

Accepted Answer

delivers blood to the lungs where it gets oxygenated

Question 7

systemic circulation

Accepted Answer

brings blood to all the tissues in the body, thus bringing oxygen to all the cells of the body and removing carbon dioxide

Question 8

position of the heart

Accepted Answer

thoracic cavity left of midline posterior to sternum

Question 9

__ chambered heart

Accepted Answer

4

Question 10

inferior pointed end of the heart is called

Accepted Answer

apex

Question 11

posterior superior region of heart is flat and called

Accepted Answer

base

Question 12

heart is contained within a fibrous sac called the

Accepted Answer

pericardium

Question 13

functions of pericardium

Accepted Answer

restricts heart's movement within thorax prevents overflow

Question 14

pericardium is attached

Accepted Answer

superiorly to the large vessels exiting the heart inferiorly to the diaphragm

Question 15

each atrium has an anterior flap-like extension called an _____ that

Accepted Answer

auricle expands their volume

Question 16

the external surface of the heart has several

Accepted Answer

large grooves (sulci)

Question 17

________ ______ rest in the sulci

Accepted Answer

coronary vessels

Question 18

the coronary sulcus -

Accepted Answer

separates the atria from the ventricles

Question 19

the interventricular sulci -

Accepted Answer

separate the ventricles from each other (posterior and anterior)

Question 20

blood is received from the ______ _______ circulation by the ______ _______

Accepted Answer

venous systemic right atrium

Question 21

3 vessels empty into the right atria:

Accepted Answer

superior vena cava inferior vena cava coronary sinus

Question 22

the intratrial septum is

Accepted Answer

the thin wall between the atria has a depression called fossa ovalis

Question 23

fossa ovalis

Accepted Answer

hole from the fetal period that closed in the atria

Question 24

blood leaves the right atria through _____ _____

Accepted Answer

atrioventricular (AV) opening when the AV valve opens

Question 25

the right ventricle recieves blood from

Accepted Answer

the right atrium

Question 26

the AV valve is anchored to the ventricle walls by

Accepted Answer

fibrous cords called chordae tendinae

Question 27

chordae tendinae serve to

Accepted Answer

keep the av valve from flipping backwards when the ventricle opens

Question 28

when the right ventricle contracts, it forces the blood upwards through the ______ _________ ______ into the ____________ _____

Accepted Answer

pulmonary semilunar valve pulmonary trunk

Question 29

the pulmonary trunk splits into ________ ______ that

Accepted Answer

pulmonary arteries bring deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange

Question 30

the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood into

Accepted Answer

the left atrium

Question 31

the left atrium also has an

Accepted Answer

auricle

Question 32

the blood flows anterio-inferiorly from the left atrium to the ventricle through the

Accepted Answer

atrioventricular when the AV valve opens

Question 33

The AV valve on the left is sometimes called the

Accepted Answer

bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 34

the left ventricular wall is ____ than the right

Accepted Answer

thicker

Question 35

when the left ventricle contracts, it forces blood through the

Accepted Answer

aortic semilunar valve into the aorta

Question 36

the left and right coronary arteries exit the aorta and feed

Accepted Answer

the cardiac muscle

Question 37

coronary arteries branch into

Accepted Answer

progressively smaller blood vessels

Question 38

the venous return for the heart occurs through the

Accepted Answer

cardiac veins

Question 39

cardiac veins merge into the

Accepted Answer

coronary sinus

Question 40

blood flows in the coronary vessels during the periods

Accepted Answer

between heart contractions

Question 41

blood flow to the heart is impaired when the heart beats

Accepted Answer

excessively tachycardia

Question 42

three main types of blood vessels

Accepted Answer

arteries capillaries veins

Question 43

progression of blood vessels away from the heart

Accepted Answer

elastic arteries muscular arteries arterioles capillaries

Question 44

elastic capillaries

Accepted Answer

due to fluctuations in pressure between heart contractions and rest, these arteries have an extremely high proportion of elastin in their walls

Question 45

muscular arteries

Accepted Answer

increased proportion of muscle for vasodilation and constriction

Question 46

arterioles and capillaries

Accepted Answer

vessels continue to branch, increasing surface area covered while each individual vessel decreases in diameter

Question 47

progression of blood vesse;s toward the heart

Accepted Answer

venules -> veins vessels merge together, decreasing surface area covered and increasing in diameter no significant changes to structure of vessel walls

Question 48

precapillary sphincter-ring of muscle that

Accepted Answer

controls bloodflow

Question 49

sphincter opens when the tissue is ______ and close when _____

Accepted Answer

low in O2 sufficient O2 5-10 minute cycles

Question 50

portal systems

Accepted Answer

capillary beds connected without blood returning to the heart

Question 51

anastomoses

Accepted Answer

many parts of the body receive blood from branches of more than 1 artery places where these branches connect are called anastomoses

Question 52

veins drain ______ and return

Accepted Answer

venules deoxygenated blood to the heart

Question 53

compared to arteries, vein walls are ____ and lumens are ______

Accepted Answer

thinner, and lumens are larger

Question 54

blood pressure in veins is greatly ____ so there is ____ blood in veins than arteries

Accepted Answer

reduced more (travels slower)

Question 55

blood pressure in veins is too low to

Accepted Answer

overcome gravity

Question 56

2 adaptations for veins

Accepted Answer

valves muscle pumps

Question 57

valves in veins

Accepted Answer

prevent backflow down the vein

Question 58

the coronary arteries branch immediately after the

Accepted Answer

SL valve

Question 59

the aorta curves and becomes the

Accepted Answer

aortic arch

Question 60

the aortic arch turns downward and is called the

Accepted Answer

descending aorta

Question 61

the descending aorta continues and becomes

Accepted Answer

the descending abdominal aorta

Question 62

oxygenated blood leaving the left ventricle needs to go

Accepted Answer

up to the head down to the abdomen and beyond out to the arms

Question 63

carotid arteries bring blood

Accepted Answer

up to the brain and face

Question 64

subclavian arteries pass under the _____ and bring blood

Accepted Answer

the clavicle and bring blood toward the arm

Cardiovascular System

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