Theories in Abnormal Psychology
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1
Which model posits that psychological disorders are the product of social interactions and relational dynamics?
- Biological models
- Cognitive-behavioral models
- Humanistic models
- Social-relational models
2
In terms of genetics, what does the term 'epigenetics' refer to?
- The study of hereditary diseases only.
- The genetic structure itself being changed permanently.
- Changes in gene expression caused by environmental influences.
- Static changes in brain chemistry.
3
How do biological models of psychology primarily explain psychological disorders?
- By examining genetic and neurobiological factors affecting behavior.
- Focusing solely on environmental conditioning.
- By criticizing societal influences on behavior.
- Through the evaluation of childhood experiences exclusively.
4
Anxiety and depression among immigrants often stem from what kind of stress?
- Acculturative stress from adapting to a new culture and environment.
- Challenging family dynamics unrelated to relocation.
- Genetic predisposition without environmental influence.
- Low intelligence levels affecting their response to new environments
5
The multipath model in understanding psychological disorders emphasizes the influence of which of the following?
- Multiple factors from different theoretical perspectives.
- The individual's environment exclusively.
- Only biological factors
- Cognitive-behavioral approaches alone.
6
What key factor contributes to the development of learned helplessness according to behavioral theories?
- Positive reinforcement in learning.
- Observational learning from successful models.
- Repeated exposure to uncontrollable stressors.
- Option D
Active coping strategies.
7
In the context of genetic contributions to psychological disorders, the diathesis-stress model suggests that:
- All traits are purely environmentally determined.
- Genetics solely determine the likelihood of developing disorders.
- Inherited vulnerabilities interact with environmental stressors to trigger disorders.
- Stressors are irrelevant in the onset of mental illnesses.
8
How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) conceptualize the source of psychological problems?
- Negative thought patterns contribute to emotional and behavioral issues.
- Societal influences are the primary causes of disorders.
- Problems arise only from past traumatic events.
- Option D
Psychological problems are solely biological in nature.
9
What is one of the roles of neurotransmitters in the brain?
- They facilitate communication between neurons.
- They solely determine personality traits.
- They eliminate emotional responses.
- None of the above
10
In which way can socioeconomic status impact mental health?
- Lower socioeconomic status is linked to higher rates of depression and anxiety.
- Socioeconomic status has no correlation with psychological wellness.
- Mental health issues are only related to genetic factors.
- Higher socioeconomic status guarantees better mental health outcomes.
11
Which age group did the study by Caspi et al. specifically examine in relation to the 5-HTT gene and major depressive disorder?
- Adults aged 30 to 50.
- Elderly individuals over 65.
- Individuals from age 3 to 26.
- Teenagers aged 13 to 19.
12
Which statement characterizes the humanistic-existential perspective on psychological health?
- It focuses solely on the biological underpinnings of behavior.
- It emphasizes individual self-actualization and personal responsibility.
- It treats all mental disorders with the same therapeutic approach.
- It rejects the importance of personal responsibility.
13
What type of learning does Albert Bandura's theory emphasize as a mechanism for acquiring new behaviors?
- Classical conditioning
- Insight learning
- Observational learning
- Operant conditioning
14
Which perspective focuses on childhood trauma and unconscious conflicts as core to understanding psychological disorders?
- Psychodynamic perspective
- Humanistic perspective
- Cognitive-behavioral perspective
- Biological perspective
15
The concept of prepared learning suggests that humans are predisposed to fear certain stimuli due to:
- Cultural conditioning.
- Evolutionary survival mechanisms.
- Random learning experiences.
- Social influences alone
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