Probability & Statistics
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1
what is the central limit theorem?
the dsitribution of a sample means converges to normal distribution as the sample size gets bigger
2
what is a combination?
an arrangement of r objects without regard to order and without repitition selected from n distinct objects
3
what is a permutation?
an order of arrangment of r objects taken from n distinct objects
4
what does mutually exclusive mean?
two events cannot occur at the same time
5
what does conditional probability mean?
probability that event A occurs after event B already occured: P(A | B)
6
what is the compliment of an event?
probability of the event not occuring: P(A')
7
what is intersection?
probability that both events occur
8
what does the intersection of two mutually exclusive events equal?
0
9
what is a union?
probability that A or B occurs: P(A U B)
10
what does it mean if two events are dependent?
the occurance of A affects the probability of B
11
what does it mean if two events are independent?
the occurance of A does not affect the probability of B
12
what is the rule of subtraction?
P(A) = 1 - P(A')
13
what is the rule of multiplication?
Probability of Intersection = P(A) * P(B | A)
14
what is the rule of addition?
P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(B | A)
15
what is the counting principle?
determines the # of possibilities an event will occur (n1 * n2 * ... * nk)
16
what are the three measures of central tendency?
mean, median, and mode
17
when there is a normal distribution, the three measures of central tendency will what?
be the same
18
what are the two measures of dispersion?
standard deviation of a population and standard deviation of a sample
19
what are the two outcomes of a binomial distribution?
sucess or failure
20
what is a type 1 error in hypothesis testing?
rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true
21
what is a type 2 error in hypothesis testing?
failing to reject the null when it is false
22
under what circumstance do you reject the null hypothesis?
when the p value is less than signifigance level (alpha)
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