unit 4 alkenes and alkynes
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1
unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds
alkenes
2
general formula of alkenes
CnH2n
3
unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds
alkynes
4
general formula of alkynes
CnH(2n-2)
5
what do you call alkenes with more than one double bond
alkadienes, butadeines, propadeines
6
only attractive forces between the molecules of alkenes and alkynes
london dispersion forces
7
speeds up (usually Pd) the rate of reaction
catalyst
8
addition of H2 to an alkene
hydrogenation
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addition of X2 ( Cl2 / Br2) to an alkene
halogenation
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type of reaction that does not require a catalyst
halogenation
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product of halogenation
dihalide
12
product of hydrogenation
alkane
13
addition of HX (HCl / HBr) to alkene
hydrohalogenation
14
states that the H atom of H-X will bond to the less substituted C atom in the C=C double bond.
Markovnikov's rule
15
Addition of water to an alkene
Hydration
16
what does hydration require
strong acid, H2SO4
17
product formed by hydration
alcohol
18
refers to the class of compound that has a six-membered ring with three double bonds
aromatic (benzene ring)
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a hydrocarbon that contains one or more benzene-likek rings
aromatic compound
20
a term used to describe aromatic compounds
arene
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who developed the theory of resonance, that provided the first adequate description of the structure of benzene
Linus Pauling
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the substituent group derived by removal of an H from benzene
Phenyl Group (C6H5)
23
2 substituents: 1,2
ortho- / o
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1,3
meta- / m
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1,4
para- / p
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Benzene + CH3
toluene
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benzene + OCH3
anisole
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benzene + OH
phenol
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benzen + COOH
Benzoic Acid
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a hydrocarbon that contains two or more benzene rings, with each pair of rings sharing two adjacent carbon atoms
PAHs Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon
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Reactions of Benzene
Halogenation, Nitration, Sulfonation
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-OH group bonded to a benzene ring
phenol
33
characteristic of phenol
weak acids, insoluble inn water,
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