Knee
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1
how many joints in the knee
how many joint capsules
how many bones
how many joint capsules
how many bones
2 joints
1 joint capsule
3 bones
1 joint capsule
3 bones
2
what are the knee motions
- knee flexion
- knee extension
- knee internal and external rotation (not measured, minimal motion)
- knee extension
- knee internal and external rotation (not measured, minimal motion)
3
what are the knee joints
tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
4
what type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint and what motions are present at this joint
modified hinge joint
flexion, extension, slight IR/ER
flexion, extension, slight IR/ER
5
What are the functions of the patellofemoral joint
acts as a pulley for quadriceps
improves extension efficiency
improves extension efficiency
6
what is the function of the tibiofibular joints
stabilize lower extremity for weight bearing
7
what is the primary stabilizer of the knee
soft tissue
8
what are some of the soft tissues of the knee
muscles (quads and hamstrings)
capsule
ligaments
meniscus
capsule
ligaments
meniscus
9
what are the extracapsular ligaments
patellar ligament
medical collateral ligament (MCL)
lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
medical collateral ligament (MCL)
lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
10
what is the function of the MCL
prevents valgus movement
11
what is the function of the LCL
prevents varus movement
12
what is the function of the ACL
- prevents posterior displacement of femur on tibia.
- prevents tibia sliding anterior
- prevents tibia sliding anterior
13
what position is the ACL in when the knee is extended?
when the knee if flexed?
when the knee if flexed?
taut when knee extended, slack when knee is flexed
14
what is the normal Q angle of the knee
15 degrees
15
what is the degrees of valgus knee (knock-knee)
what is the degrees of varus knee (bow-legged)
what is the degrees of varus knee (bow-legged)
>20
<10
<10
16
which ligament would be stressed with valgus knee? varus knee?
17
what is the screw home mechanism
- occurs during the last 5 degrees of knee extension
- the tibia externally rotates
- the knee is "locked" into a close packed position
- during the first few degrees of flexion, the tibia interally rotates in order to "unlock" the knee
- the tibia externally rotates
- the knee is "locked" into a close packed position
- during the first few degrees of flexion, the tibia interally rotates in order to "unlock" the knee
18
what is patellar tracking
- no bone to bone contact with knee flexion
- knee flexion: patella moves distal
- knee extension: patella moves proximal
- knee flexion: patella moves distal
- knee extension: patella moves proximal
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