Psychology: Learning and Conditioning (Chapter 6)

anything that an animal SENSES like the color of a berry

an animals behavior or action upon EXPERIENCING a stimulus

TYPE OF LEARNING where animal makes connections between stimuli or stimuli and responses IN ENVIRONMENT. EX CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

idea that the rules that govern associative learning are the SAME OR SIMILAR across different species of animals

changes with experience that do NOT require making connections between STIMULI AND RESPONSES

a DECLINE in response to a stimulus that is NOT THREATENING or NEEDED for survival

an INCREASE in response to a stimulus after exposure, mainly happens when stimulus is painful like a loud persistent noise

type of associative learning by ivan pavlov where an animal makes a connections between TWO stimuli that are PAIRED TOGETHER in time

in classical conditioning, its a stimulus that NATURALLY produces a response WITHOUT LEARNING. EX: FOOD

in classical conditioning, is a NATURAL RESPONSE to an UNCONDITIONED stimulus, EX: salivating to food

in classical conditioning, animal CHANGES its RESPONSE to this with TRAINING. EX: a BELL that has been paired with food which will produce salivation

in classical conditioning, its the RESPONSE to the CS after pairing CS with the US, such as salivating to a bell. its a measure of LEARING

process of learning over SEVERAL trials of pairing CS and a US.

connections made between CS AND US during ACQUISITION

when CS predicts the ABSENCE of US.

when CS is NO LONGER presented with US after acquisition. CR DECLINES in this

INCREASE OF CR during extinction because of a DISTRACTION. proves that excitatory strength is NOT lost in extinction

CS INCREASES if one waits some time after EXTINCTION. proves that excitatory associative strength is not lost in extinction.

if CS AND US are paired AGAIN after EXTINCTION, CR INCREASES much FASTER than normal. proves that excitatory associative strength is not lost in extinction

the finding that animals will respond to stimuli that are SIMILAR to original CS.

the degree which an animal sees two stimuli as DIFFERENT and will show a DECLINE in a conditioned response

type of associative learning originally studied by edward thorndike, where OUTCOME stimulus is DEPENDENT on target behavior

the way B.F. skinner describes instrumental conditioning, where outcome stimulus is dependent on target behavior. often talked about with SCEDULES OF REWARD.

his approach was to focus on what could be clearly observed, which was the actual behavior of the animal

animal must wait a FIXED AMOUNT of time since its last rewarded behavior before it can recieve another award for behavior

aniaml must wait a VARIABLE AMOUNT of time after its last rewarded behavior before it can get a reward for behavior again

animal must RESPOND a FIXED number of times before getting a reward. it also shows a post-reinforcement pause

animal must RESPOND a VARIABLE NUMBER of times before recieving a reward. these scedules maintain a HIGH level of responding.

designed to INCREASE wanted behavior using appetitive reinforcement

designed to make target responses DECREASE.

negative PUNISHMENT, outcome is appetitive, and target behavior DECREASES.

negative REINFORCEMENT, outcome is aversive and target behavior INCREASES