Approaches in Abnormal Psychology
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1
What type of conditioning involves learning by association through repeated pairing of a stimulus?
- Classical conditioning
- Cognitive conditioning
- Observational learning
- Operant conditioning
2
What does the term 'triangulation' refer to in family-systems therapy?
- Familial roles in therapy
- Interdependence among family members
- Involving a third party in a conflict to divert attention
- Open family communication
3
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation and may be low in depressed individuals?
- Dopamine
- GABA
- Norepinephrine
- Serotonin
4
The diathesis-stress model suggests that psychopathology arises from a combination of what?
- Genetic vulnerability and environmental stressors
- Only genetic factors
- Only environmental factors
- Social learning and conditioning
5
The use of agonists in neurotransmitter function refers to substances that do what?
- Block the receptors of a neurotransmitter
- Decrease the effects of a neurotransmitter
- Eliminate the production of neurotransmitters
- Increase the activity of a neurotransmitter
6
Who developed the theory of learned helplessness, which links perceptions of control to depression?
- Aaron Beck
- Albert Bandura
- Martin Seligman
- Sigmund Freud
7
In the context of psychotropic medications, what are antidepressants primarily used for?
- Improving functioning in people with depression
- Increasing relaxation
- Reducing hallucinations
- Stimulating appetite
8
What is a key difference between classical and operant conditioning?
- Classical conditioning can only be studied in labs, while operant conditioning cannot.
- Classical conditioning focuses on elicited responses while operant conditioning focuses on emitted behaviors.
- They are the same process under different names.
- They both involve reinforcement; one uses punishment.
9
Which brain structure is primarily involved in regulating emotions and behaviors?
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Corpus callosum
- Limbic system
10
In CBT, what typically follows an individual's thoughts regarding a situation?
- Biological factors
- Emotions and behaviors
- Psychosexual stages
- Reinforcement
11
What treatment uses electrical stimulation to help treat severe depression when other treatments have failed?
- Deep brain stimulation
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
- Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
12
What is considered a common ego defense mechanism developed by Freud’s theory?
- Acceptance
- Adaptation
- Denial
- Resilience
13
Who proposed that mental disorders could stem from unresolved unconscious conflicts?
- B.F. Skinner
- Carl Rogers
- Sigmund Freud
- Carl Jung
14
The biological model of abnormal psychology primarily focuses on which factor?
- Physical processes
- Psychological processes
- Cultural Influences
- Social processes
15
Which model emphasizes multiple factors contributing to psychopathology rather than a single cause?
- Biological model
- Demonological model
- Multidimensional model
- One dimension model
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