Kinetic Particle Theory - 2

It states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and these particles are in constant random motion

Changes in state, changes in temperature and expansion and contraction within a state

Very closely packed in an orderly manner, vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions

Closely packed in a disorderly manner, slide past each other freely throughout the liquid

Very far apart in a disorderly manner, move quickly and randomly in any direction

very strong, less strong, very weak

Transition Temperature

Thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy and the particles start vibrating and rotating faster about their fixed positions

The particles with increased energy can overcome the forces of attraction, the orderly arrangement is then disrupted, and the temperature remains constant until all of the substance has melted

Kinetic energy of the particles is converted to thermal energy and transferred to surroundings and particles start to slow down

The particles with less energy are drawn closer together and particle arrangement becomes more orderly. Temperature remains the same until all of the substance has frozen

decrease in melting temperature and increase in boiling temperature

the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas

solid carbon dioxide, iodine, ammonium chloride

the process in which a gas changes directly into a solid