1What is the kinetic particle theory?
It states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and these particles are in constant random motion
2What are the 3 things that this theory explains?
Changes in state, changes in temperature and expansion and contraction within a state
3What is the particle arrangement and movement in a solid
Very closely packed in an orderly manner, vibrate and rotate about their fixed positions
4What is the particle arrangement and movement in a liquid
Closely packed in a disorderly manner, slide past each other freely throughout the liquid
5What is the particle arrangement and movement in a gas
Very far apart in a disorderly manner, move quickly and randomly in any direction
6What is the forces of attraction for solids, liquids and gases?
very strong, less strong, very weak
7What is the name for temperatures where an object changes state
Transition Temperature
8What happens when a substance increases in temperature before melting
Thermal energy is converted to kinetic energy and the particles start vibrating and rotating faster about their fixed positions
9What happens when a substance is at its melting point
The particles with increased energy can overcome the forces of attraction, the orderly arrangement is then disrupted, and the temperature remains constant until all of the substance has melted
10What happens when a substance decreases in temperature before freezing
Kinetic energy of the particles is converted to thermal energy and transferred to surroundings and particles start to slow down
11What happens when a substance is at its freezing point
The particles with less energy are drawn closer together and particle arrangement becomes more orderly. Temperature remains the same until all of the substance has frozen
12What does the presence of impurities in a substance cause
decrease in melting temperature and increase in boiling temperature
13What is sublimation?
the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas
14What are some examples of substances that can undergo sublimation
solid carbon dioxide, iodine, ammonium chloride
15What is vapour deposition
the process in which a gas changes directly into a solid