Atomic Structure
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1
What was the purpose of Milikan’s oil drop experiments?
To determine the charge of an electron.
2
Give one way of detecting the presence of cathode rays in a vacuum tube?
Using a Maltese cross you’ll see a fluoresce be produced with a shadow produced.
3
Give another way of detecting the presence of cathode rays in a vacuum tube?
Using a paddle wheel, the wheel will move towards the positive electrode.
4
Name the scientist who identified cathode rays as subatomic particles and also measured the charge to mass ratio?
J.J. Thompson
5
What is the proper name for cathode rays?
Electrons (rays)
6
Define mass number.
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
7
Define relative atomic mass.
The average mass of the isotopes of an element taking their abundances into account relative to 1/12 of the mass of the carbon-12 atom.
8
Describe Rutherford’s ‘gold foil’ experiment.
Rutherford bombarded thin gold foil with alpha particles and used a screen to detect the particles.
9
What were the observations of Rutherford’s experiment?
Most alpha particles went straight through - atom is mostly empty space.
10
What does it mean when some alpha particles reflected at large angles?
The nucleus is small.
11
What does it mean when a tiny amount of alpha particles deflected back the original path?
The nucleus is small and dense.
12
Describe Thomson’s ‘plum pudding’ model.
The atom is a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded in it.
13
What is an element according to Robert Boyle?
Cannot be broken into anything simpler.
14
What are alpha particles?
Helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons.
15
Give two properties of cathode rays.
Travel in straight lines.
16
Give another property of cathode rays.
Negligible mass.
17
Give one more property of cathode rays.
Negatively charged.
18
State two assumptions of Dalton’s Atomic Theory of 1808.
Atoms are small and indivisible.
19
Name the scientist who measured the ratio of charge to mass of an electron (e/m).
J.J. Thompson
20
Name the scientist who proved that electrons in an atom reside in an electron cloud surrounding a small dense positive nucleus.
Rutherford
21
Name the scientist who measured the charge on the electron.
Millikan
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