NMR spectroscopy

Carbon 13- gives info of how carbon atoms are arranged in a molecule
Proton - gives info of how hydrogen atom are arranged in a molecule

Basically what is carbon or hydrogen attached to.
(Note that this can be affected by stuff which the carbon/hydrogen isnt straight up attached to could be 2 bonds away or so)

Dissolve it in a solvent which doesnt intefere with spectrum
For non polar sample: Tetrachloromethane = CCL4
For polar sample:CDCL3. D= deuterium(hydrogen-2)

NMR needs a standard / reference substance.
Energy absorbed by sample is compared and CHEMICAL SHIFT is measure of energy difference.
We use tetra methyl silance for this:
-Give single peak which is far from sample ones ie =0
-Inert
-Non toxic
-Volatile easy to separate

Area/size of peak = number of h atoms in peak
If they give decimal ratios divide all by smallest.
Ratios will add up to total number of hydrogen in molecule(in exams mostly)

n+1 = amount of splits in a peak
n = number of hydrogen on adjacent carbon
singlet = one split
doublet = 2 split
triplet = 3 split
quartet = 4 split
ALSO if adjacent hydrogens are same environment it doesnt cause more SPLIT

triplet then quadrat may suggest CH3CH2-

2 triplets in a row MAY suggests -CH2-CH2

REMEMBER IF ADJACENT IS SAME ENVIRONMENT IT DOESNT CAUSE SPLIT ie dont increase splitting pattern value