Cell Structure

-helical chain composed of protein subunits

*mechanisms of motility, located outside the cell walll

*can have different functions
*most common type (fimbriae)
*allows cells to adhere to surfaces
*one funtion is for twitching or gliding motility
*sex pilli involved in DNA transfer

layers utside the cell wall, ussually made of polysaccharide

*distinct and gelatinous
*allows bacteria to adhere to specific surfaces
*allows some microorganisms to avoid bodies defense system

*composed of peptidoglycan
*provides rigidity to vacterial cell walls
*prevents cells from lysing

*thick peptidoglycan layer that contains: teichoic acids and lipteichoic acids

*thin layer of petidoglycan surronded by an outer membrane
*outer laery of outer membrane is lipopolysaccharide

*phospolipid bilayer embedded with proteis
*surrounds the cytoplasm (separating it from external environment)
*transmits info about the external environment to the inside of cell

carries genetic info

*single, circular or double-stranded DNA molecule
*caries gnetic info required by cell

*caries genetic infomration that will be advanageous to a cell in certain situations (super powers)

*type of dormant cell
*extraordinarily resistant to heat, dessication, UV light, toxic chemicals

*protein framework invovled in cell diviision and control of cell shape

*smal, rigid structures that provide buoyancy to a cell

*accumulations of high molecular weight polymers
*synthesized from nutrients available in relative excess

*involved in protein supply
*contains two subunits (30S and 50S)
*subunits combined to form 70S ribosome

*membrane bound nucleus
*membrane bound organelles
*DNA assoicated with histones
*cell wall of peptidoglycan with muramic acid not present in archaebacteria

70 S

*80S in cytoplasm
*70S in mitochondria and chloroplasts

*in nucleus
*absent of mitochondria and chloroplasts

*linear in nuclues
*circular in mitochondria and chloroplasts

0.2-1.0 micro meters to 2-8 micrometers

*coccus (round)
*rodacillus (rod)
*spiral

*diplococci
*diplobailli

*staphylococci

*Streptococci
*Streptobacilli

*vibrio

Spirillum

*Spirochete

*outside cell wall
*ussually sticky and prevents phagocytosis
*capsule is neatly organized
*slime layer is unorganized and loose
*extracellular polysacchariede allows cell to attach

*Stella

*Haloarcula

*peptidoglycan (murein)
*basically parallel polymers of glycan cross linked with short peptides

*N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
*N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

*gram positive bacteria

Teichoic acids

Gram negative bacteria

*gram negative