Cells and Cell Energy Exam
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1
What organelle is largely responsible for cellular respiration?
The mitochondria
2
Are mitochondria present in plant cells?
Yes
3
Anaerobic means
A process happens without using oxygen.
4
What is the thylakoid?
Membrane bound sac that contain chlorophyll
5
Where do dark reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur?
The stroma
6
Where are the most photosynthetic cells of the leaf located
In the Palisade Parenchyma
7
Organisms that live in generally unlivable environments are generally
Called extremophiles and are chemosynthesizers
8
What is the cuticle of a leaf?
Waxy substance that covers the epidermis of a leaf
9
What types of organisms are considered autotrophs / producers?
Organisms that produce chemical energy for themselves and others
10
What molecules do all cells directly use for energy?
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
11
The food chain always “ends” with the same types of organismswhat are they?
decomposers
12
Grasshoppers eat grass birds eat grasshoppers, what level of the food chain would a bird be?
Secondary consumer
13
Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis are the two ways that ______________ make their energy?
Autotrophs
14
What is made during the dark reactions (Calvin cycle)?
Glucose
15
What are chlorplasts?
Organelles found in plants where photosynthesis occurs
16
What is the purpose of the cuticle and the guard cell/stomata?
Regulates gas entering and leaving the leaf
17
What is the main purpose of the xylem
Transports water from the roots to the leaves
18
What is the main purpose of the Phloem
Transports glucose from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
19
Where do light reactions occur?
The thylakoid
20
What happens during photolysis
Water is broken apart into O2 and Hydrogen ions.
21
What is made during the light reaction?
O2, ATP, and NADPH
22
What is used to “drive the flow of electrons” in Photosynthesis?
Light Energy/ Sunlight
23
During glycolysis glucose is broken down to create what?
2 pyruvate molecules
24
What part of cellular respiration produces CO2?
The Krebs cycle
25
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
The mitochondria
26
Where does glycolysis take place?
The cytoplasm (outside of mitochondria)
27
Oxygen is not used during this stage in cellular respiration?
In Glycolysis
28
Photosynthesis, temperature regulation, and gas exchange are th,
Major purposes of leaves
29
About how much ATP is made during cellular respiration?
34-38 ATP molecules
30
Glycolysis, Krevs cycle, and the electron transport chain are all part of
Cellular respiration
31
Intermediate high energy molecules
What are NADPH, NADH, and FADh2?
Intermediate high energy molecules
32
How many types of DNA does a plant have?
3: DNA in the nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondria
33
How is gas exchanged and regulated in plants; and what gasses are regulated?
Stomata - oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water.
34
What is the benefit of having more than one metabolic pathway?
Different ways to produce ATP
35
Why is oxygen so important in cellular respiration? What specifically does it do?
It is the final acceptor in the electron transport chain, meaning that the presence of oxygen allows ATP and water to be made during The ETC
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