chapter 3 :collapse of Russian empire

Duma and formation of liberal political parties
bloody sunday broke bond of tsar and politcal parties
people experience politcal freedom
popular protest

bloody Sunday , muntiy of battleship Bohemia, October manifesto
Russo-japanese war, nationalities, peasants, matter come to head

Army remain loyal ,
-military reforms brought them back e.g. pay increase ,service reduced to 3 years from 4
Russo japanse war peace treaty meant bot lose support from military

1) Nicholas denounced zemstva and demands were "senseless dreams" continuing autocratic policies.

1)Crew mutined after harsh conditions os seized control.public happy about this
troops ordered to disperse crowd and open fire kill 2,000 or more citizens.sailors surrender for safe refuge
tsar embarssed and knew had to end russo japanse war as ruin morale and cause backlash of armed forces

1)Wanted civil liberties(Freedom of speech) and elected duma
this was granted-Celebration
however expolison of violence . anyone anti tsar had violent revenge attacks by black hundred , 3,000 jews murderd and burning of jewish communites

seized land,grains,animaos ,burn landlords houses .demanded land and end of rededmption payments.army used to put down
peasent uprisngs but mainly was peasnets .mutines began to spread as unitss refused orders

1)represent people,nationalities represented, peter stoylpin support it
2)Nicholas not want weaken autocracy,article 87 gave tsar power to make emergceny laws
state council half delegated by tsar

1) Liberals, SR's, Social democrats Bolsheviks, Social democrats, menshelviks

1) 1904-05
2) Russia wanted port Arthur. Japan did not welcome as already had it. Russia ignore Japan comprise
- Russia surprise attack =Russia lose
3) low morale as believe waste 6 months

1)Starvation in Volga region, spread from Ural mountains to black Sea. cholera and typhus struck. killed 500,000 by end of 1892.
2)incompetent.still exported grain. gov asked people for help. organise own relief and volunteers and groups emerged

1) Anti gov feeling after loss of port Arthur. stirke called 100,000 workers. father gapon,petition and march winter palace to seek tsar help.
marh was peaceful.troops opened fir and killed 130 people and 300 wounded. as of this lost faith in tsar and want politcal change instead of economic.
Tsars uncle was Assaineted

1) wealth be distributed, everyone allowed to leisure, no private property or inheritance, steep income tax, . gov control bank communication transport , free public service

1) Wrote books with fredrich Engels such as communist Manifesto
2) Alientated work, work insecure, unstable, money not important, competition, conformist

No. lacked leadership qualities
stated -"wholly unfit time Reign"
found difficult to say unpleasant things to Minster, unwilling to engage in politics , suffer with inability to make decisions

1) Traced back to liberal intelligensia
1850s-60s in arguing for emancipation of serfs. and rep assemblies. created council who skilled in policy

1) civil rights and freedom individuals , parliamentary democracy and limitation of tsarist powers, concert of zemstva should be extended to regional and perhaps national level

1)

1) Reform rather than violent action, political changes,through zemstva,
1903-Union of Liberation