Study Guide for Texas History Test One

The Caddo lived along the Red River and in East Texas.

There are more than 20 groups of Caddo called confederates, these groups were all linked by ties of kinship and shared ancestry. They are an argricultral society that grew con as their chief crop.

They settled in the Southwest (from present day Texas to Arizona and south to Mexico)

The Apache relied mainly on bison and were among the first Native American groups to adopt the use of horses from Europeans.

They came to Texas in the early 1700s and lived in the prairies, plateaus , and plains of Western Texas. Their territory called the Comancheria, was a vast land that stretched from nothern Mexico to Kansas from Texas to New Mexico.

The Comanche were superb hunters and hunted buffalo on horseback. The Comanche fought other groups fiercely to keep control of the Comancheria. They eventually were forced to move to reservations in present day Oklahoma.

The area that are now West Texas and Southwest Texas.

They had a settled village life with homes made of adobe, a mix of sundried earth and straw. Since the areas they lived in had little trees they could not make homes out of wood, and since these areas lacked alot of rain the home would last for many years.

They originally lived in New Mexico but moved near present day El Paso at the end of the 1600s

Originally kinship among Tigua was matrilineal (descent through mother). Later they adopted European customs of tracing descent through the father becoming patrilineal. Property is also transferred through the male members of the family today.

They were different different Native American groups that lived along the Gulf Coast.

They were nomadic people who lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering, and moved every few weeks after using up the food in the area. The would often travel between the barrier islands along the coast by large canoes.

Coahuiltecans lived on the dry South Texas plains.

This group used bow and arrows to hunt deer and small animals such as armadillos, rabbits, lizards, and birds. Like the Karankawa they also rarely spent more than a few weeks at each campsite.

They lived on the plains of Texas but were eventually forced to moved to Mexico when the Apache moved into the area and fought them.

The Jumano had distinct striped markings on their faces that made them easy to recognize. They were known to be peaceful traders acting as middlemen (go-betweens) from the Caddo and Puebloan peoples of New Mexico.

The Concho are really more of a Mexican tribe than a Texas tribe. They lived along the Rio Concho River in Northern Mexico.

One special food source they had was the cactus that grew in their region, the fruit of cactus are called tunas, no not the fish. They hunted rabbits, deer, birds, and they fished in the Concho river

In 1519, Spanish explorer and map-maker Alonso Álvarez de Pineda led an Spanish expedition that, for the first time, mapped the coast of Texas along the Gulf of Mexico.

In 1527 he was given the authority to conquer and govern Spanish provinces from the Río de las Palmas (the Rio Grande) to the Cape of Florida. The attempt was a series of disasters that cost the lives of about 400 men. Narváez reached the Texas coast at San Luis Island, but his ship was caught in a storm that drove them as far as Cavallo Pass, where he and others drowned in 1528. His expedition is best known for the survival of Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca.

He was the first European to explore North America and leave a written record. His reports that great wealth lay north of Mexico led the Spanish to explore Arizona and New Mexico.

They both led expeditions commissioned by Spain to search for the Seven Cities of Cíbola (The Cities of Gold) in Texas and Florida.

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado led the first Spanish expedition into the Great Plains. Embarking in 1540, the expedition traveled to the New Mexican pueblos, searching for the golden cities of Cíbola.

René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle (died March 19, 1687, near Brazos River [now in Texas, U.S.]) was a French explorer in North America who led an expedition down the Illinois and Mississippi rivers and claimed all the region watered by the Mississippi and its tributaries for Louis XIV of France, naming the region “Louisiana.” A few years later, in a luckless expedition seeking the mouth of the Mississippi, he was murdered by his men.

He assisted in setting up the San Francisco de los Tejas mission, which was the first mission in east Texas on June 1 1690. They set this up after meeting the Caddo. The Caddo called the Spanish "Tasha" meaning friend. The Spanish using the word Tejas to describe the area and it's native people, the Caddo (the Hasinai is a Caddo confederate / group). English speakers called this word "Texas" which is how Texas got it's name.