Statistics: Inferential Tests and Hypothesis Testing
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1
Rejecting the null
if the absolute value is greater than critical value
2
Retain the null
if absolute value is less than the critical value
3
p value alpha is always set at
5%/0.05
4
Rejecting with P value
when it’s equal or less than 0.05/5%
5
Retain with P value
when it’s greater than 0.05/5% (limbo bar)
6
What rejecting means for inferential tests
There is a significant difference between groups and populations
7
What retaining means for inferential tests
There is not a significant difference between groups and populations
8
Independent test
2 completely seperate groups
9
Dependent tests
2 groups but same people
10
When to use One sample z test with given information
One sample
population mean
standard deviation
sample size
population mean
standard deviation
sample size
11
When to use One sample t test with given information
One sample
population mean
standard deviation
sample size
sample mean
population mean
standard deviation
sample size
sample mean
12
When to use independent test with given information
2 samples
different individuals
different individuals
13
When to use dependent test with given information
one sample
same individuals
same individuals
14
First step in a one sample test
hypothesis is the same (population mean)
15
first step on in/dependent tests
mu 1 = mu 2 or mu 1 doesn’t equal mu 2
16
step 2 in a tests
find the degree of freedom
17
step 2 in t tests
the critical the value stays the same at +/- 1.96
18
Calculating cohens d
mean divided by standard deviation
19
calculating cohens d for one sample test
(sample mean-population mean) divided by standard deviation
20
calculating cohens d for independent test
mean 1 - mean 2 divided by pooled standard deviation
21
calculating cohens d for dependent test
mean of scores divided by standard deviation of scores
22
Small cohens d
d </= 0.2
23
medium cohens d
0.2< d < 0.8
24
large cohens d
0.8 </= d
25
what rejecting means in independent tests
no difference in groups
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