AP Psychology Unit 6 Development Vocabulary

in psychology, the socially influenced characteristics by which people define boy, girl, man, and woman

in psychology, the biologically influenced characteristics by which people define male and female

any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally

an act of aggression intended to harm a person's relationship or social standing

a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave

a set of expected behaviors, attitudes, and traits for males or for females

our sense of being male, female, or some combination of the two

the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished

the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

our sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles

the "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships

a period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults

the sex chromosome found in both males and females. Females typically have two X chromosomes; males typically have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child

the sex chromosome typically found only in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child

the most important male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs during the fetal period, and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

a life-threatening, sexually transmitted infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS depletes the immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to infections

research that compares people of different ages at the same point in time

research that follows and retests the same people over time

acquired (not lifelong) disorders marked by cognitive deficits; often related to Alzheimer's disease, brain injury or disease, or substance abuse. In older adults, neurocognitive disorders were formerly called dementia

a neurocognitive disorder marked by neural plaques, often with onset after age 80, and entailing a progressive decline in memory and other cognitive abilities

the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement