bio 1107 chap 4

nonliving materials can give rise to living organisms
. excludes viruses

all life is made from cells + all cells come from other cells

1. Use Dna as their genetic material

2. plasma/cell membrane is made of phospholipids

3. Use ribosomes to make proteins

no nucleus + no membrane-bound organelles

"false nucleus", where DNA is located

support/structure/protection

sticky layer of carbohydrates or proteins - adhere to surfaces

used for movement

1. Domain bacteria - found in all environments that support life

2. Domain archaea - "extremophiles"

nucleus + organelles

double membrane, contains dna

uncoiledncondensed form of dna

coiled/condensed form of dna, present only during cell division

site of RNA synthesis

creates ATP (usable form of energy) by cellular respiration

Double membrane, outer membrane, inner membrane with extensive folds called cristae (increases surface area), filled with liquid called the matrix

break down fatty acids — produces H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) as a byproduct — recycles H2O2 into H2O + O2 (oxygen)

1. Use Dna as their genetic material

2. plasma/cell membrane is made of phospholipids

3. Use ribosomes to make proteins

used for transport - generally smaller

used for storage - generally larger

connected physically or by moving things back and forth with vesicles

network of flattened sacs + tubules

studded with ribosomes (Ribosomes make protein) - processes proteins

lacks the attached ribosomes, processes other molecules, stores calcium ions, detoxifies poisons (does multiple functions)

cells shipping + processing station

filled with hydrolytic enzymes — digestion

Generally small

Centrosomes - microtubule organizing region (cell division)

Lysosomes - used for digestion

No cell wall

Mitochondria ( use ATP to create energy)

100-1000x larger than animal cells

No centrosomes

No lysosomes

Cellulose (polysaccharide) cell wall

Chloroplasts (Photosynthesis) + mitochondria

Central vacuole - takes up to 99% of internal volume in a plant cell (storage of water, pigments, poisons)

"cell skeleton" - structures, support, movement

Smallest - Microfilaments

To - Intermediate filaments

Largest - microtubules

how cells form tissues

Extracellular matrix - dense external network of proteins

Intercellular junctions

small holes through the cell wall — connect adjacent plant cells (only found in plants and not animals)

form watertight barriers (Found in animals not plants)

allow tissues to repeatedly stretch and return to their original shape (Lungs, bladder, heart etc) (Only found in animals and not plants)

small holes connecting adjacent animal cells (Only found in animals not plants)