application of reproduction and genetics SWA

transfer of a gene from one organism into DNA of another, forming a transgenic organism

genetically engineering crops for human consumption- to convey disease resistance or a desired characteristic

superior keeping qualities
higher yield
reduce pesticide use

spread gm pollen to wild relatives
unknown effects of eating new protein produced by crop
reduction in biodiversity

reverse transcriptase
restriction endonuclease

- identify and obtain gene by either type of engineering
- insertion of gene into vector producing recombinant DNA
- insert vector (plasmid) into host cell (bacteria) and identify recombinant organisms

collect mRNA from cell producing insulin- allow enzyme to form cDNA.
no introns in mRNA
DNA polymerase then used to make double stranded DNA

is an enzyme
cut required gene out of DNA of cell producing insulin
has introns and bacteria
doesnt have enzymes to process pre-DNA

bacteria cells

unpaired bases that used to splice dna together
created by restriction enzyme

-plasmid removed and cut open by restriction endonuclease
-forms sticky ends
-dna ligase bonds insulin gene into plasmid, conencts via comp base pairing at sticky ends of gene and plasmid

- bacteria may pass antibiotic resistant genes onto pathogenic bacteria
- using fragments of dna could transfer or activate oncogenes

special plasmids that have ampicillin and tetracycline- antibiotic resistance
insulin inserted into plasmid
bacteria takes up plasmids that have recombined with insulin gene

treat genetic disorders by inserting functional DNA sequences into cells to counteract effect of defective gene