Neuro Final

expression impaired, comprehension intact, repetition impaired

expression fluent but lacking content, comprehension impaired, repetition impaired

expression intact, comprehension intact, repetition impaired

expression impaired, comprehension impaired, repetition impaired

expression impaired, comprehension intact, repetition intact

expression fluent, comprehension impaired, repetition impaired

a cerebrovascular accident where brain tissue in a region of the brain dies as a result of disrupted blood flow

hemorrhagic (blood vessel rupture due to hbp or aneurysm), ischemic (blood vessel blockage due to embolism or plaque)

left: transcortical motor aphasia, right: no aphasia, bilateral mutism

anterior: broca's aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, right arm hemiplegia
posterior: wernicke's aphasia, transcortical sensory aphasia, right arm weakness
entire branch: global aphasia, right hemiplegia

middle: no aphasia, left hemiplegia

left: alexia, right: no alexia, bilateral: cortical blindness

stapes movement on the oval window displaces perilymph in scala vestibuli + endolymph in scala media, which deflects basilar membrane and moves hair cells on organ of Corti, which bends stereocilia, which opens mechano-gated K+ channels causing depolarization which triggers exocytosis and releases glutamate that binds to the neurites of the auditory nerve

hair cells, spiral ganglion, ipsilateral cochlear nuclei, ipsilateral and contralateral superior olive, inferior colliculus, thalamus, auditory cortex

broca's, wernicke's, conduction, global, transcortical motor, transcortical sensory,

broca's area and frontal fields and underlying matter around it, basal ganglia

wernicke's area and underlying white matter, posterior areas of auditory association cortex

arcuate fasciculus

massive peri-sylvian lesion

frontal cortex anterior or superior to broca's area

temporal cortex posterior or inferior to wernicke's area