CHF diease

In congestive heart failure, does the force of contraction generated by the ventricles increase or decrease?

Is cardiac output increased or decreased with congestive heart failure?

Is tissue perfusion increased or decreased with congestive heart failure and how does this affect cell function?

Do patients with congestive heart function experience acidosis or alkalosis?

During congestive heart failure does end systolic volume (amount of blood remaining in ventricles after contraction) increase or decrease?

During congestive heart failure does congestion in venous circulation occur?

Amount of blood entering the ventricles is greater than the amount of blood leaving the ventricles.

Weakening of myocardium of ventricle decreases cardiac output

Decreased cardiac output results in decreased blood pressure and decreased tissue perfusion (blood flow to tissues)

Venous congestion occurs in systemic circulation resulting in increased blood pressure in systemic capillaries

Venous congestion occurs in pulmonary circulation resulting in increased blood pressure in pulmonary capillaries

Increased venous pressure results in pulmonary edema

Increased venous pressure results in edema in legs, liver, and abdominal organs and distension of jugular veins

Decreased renal blood flow stimulates renin-angiotensin and aldosterone system to increase blood pressure and therefore blood flow to tissues

Compensation mechanism to increase tissue perfusion: tachycardia (increases cardiac output), vasoconstriction to increase arterial blood pressure, and oliguria (decreased loss of water in urine helps maintain blood volume.

Dyspnea and orthopnea

Cough

Dependent edema in feet

Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Ascites

Pneumonia

Flushed face, distended neck veins, headache, visual disturbances

Tachycardia

Daytime oliguria