Science review

Definition: The process involving the fusion of male and female gametes, leading to the formation of seeds.

Definition: A reproductive process that does not involve the fusion of gametes, resulting in genetically identical offspring.

Definition: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma, essential for fertilization.

Definition: An increase in size or mass of an organism over time, characterized by cell division and differentiation.

Definition: Internal (genetics, hormones) and external factors (nutrients, environment) that influence growth rates.

Definition: The conversion of light energy into chemical energy by plants, producing glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and certain bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugars.

During photosynthesis, photoautotrophs use light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

Chloroplasts are the cell structures where photosynthesis occurs, crucial for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in thylakoids that absorbs light energy, facilitating the production of carbohydrates

The light-dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane and capture sunlight to produce ATP

The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts, using ATP to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

The overall reaction for photosynthesis can be summarized as:
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Through photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, which helps combat global warming