Gas Exchange
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1
What are the two major adaptations of gas exchange surfaces?
Large surface area, thin layer of cells
2
What does a short diffusion pathway provide?
Efficient gas exchange
3
What maintains a steep concentration gradient?
Gas exchange surfaces
4
How do single-celled organisms exchange gases?
Diffusion through their outer surface
5
Why can single-celled organisms rely on diffusion?
Large surface area to volume ratio
6
What is the counter-current system in fish used for?
Efficient gas exchange
7
Why is counter-current flow effective?
Maintains a concentration gradient
8
How does water flow over fish gills?
Through the lamellae
9
What are lamellae?
Thin plates on gill filaments
10
What increases surface area in fish gills?
Lamellae and filaments
11
What do insects use for gas exchange?
Tracheae
12
What are spiracles?
Pores on an insect's surface
13
How do insects maintain a diffusion gradient?
Through muscle movement
14
What controls water loss in insects?
Closing spiracles and waxy cuticles
15
Why are hair-covered spiracles important?
Reduce water loss
16
What do dicotyledonous plants exchange gases for?
Photosynthesis and respiration
17
Where does gas exchange occur in plants?
Mesophyll cells in leaves
18
What controls the opening of stomata?
Guard cells
19
Why do plants close stomata?
To reduce water loss
20
What do xerophytes have to reduce water loss?
Waxy cuticles and sunken stomata
21
Why are stomata in pits helpful?
Trap moist air
22
What reduces the concentration gradient in xerophytes?
Hairs and rolled leaves
23
What is the function of curved leaves?
Protect stomata from wind
**Exam Questions**
**Exam Questions**
24
How are gas exchange surfaces adapted for diffusion?
Large surface area, thin layer
25
Why do fish use a counter-current system?
To maintain a concentration gradient
26
How do desert plants reduce water loss?
Sunken stomata, rolled leaves
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