The development of the Cold War 1946-1955
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1
when was churchills iron curtain speech?
March 1946
2
what did churchill day in his iron curtain speech?
Condems the soviet unions policies in Europe and precedes the war
3
when was the truman doctrine?
1947
4
why was the truman doctrine created?
Britain in economic crisis- could no longer support greece or turkey financially. USA fear the spread of communism into Western Europe
5
what was the truman doctrine?
President Harry Truman promised to help any country at threat of communist revolution or takeover
6
when was the marshall plan introduced?
June 1947
7
what was the marshall plan?
Program of economic aid offered to help an European countries. Aid was only given to Western European countries as stalin forbid any soviet satellites from accepting aid
8
when was cominform set up?
1947
9
what was cominform ?
An alliance of European communist parties to help them plan and work together to spread Stalins ideas. Communist information bureau
10
when was the Berlin Blockade?
June 1948
11
when was the Berlin Blockade ended?
May 1949
12
what organisation was formed in April 1949?co
NATO
13
Why was Nato formed?
Formed to provide collective security against the soviet union
14
when did Stalin die?
June 1950
15
who replaced stalin after his death in 1950?
Nikita Krushchev
16
when did the greek civil war end ?
1949
17
how did Stalin see marshall aid?
As dollar imperalism
18
how many citizens lived in Berlin during the bloackade?
2 million
19
what where the geneva accords?
A set of documents that ended the French war with the Vietminh and divided vietnam into North and South states
20
when was the Warsaw pact established?
1955 May
21
what was the warsaw pact?
A collective defense treaty established by the USSR and 7 other Soviet satellites
22
what countries joined the Warsaw pact apart from USSR?
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungar, Poland, Romania
23
By 1952, how much money had USA sent in marshall aid?
$13 billion
24
what is imperialism?
A nation who exerts control or influence through conolisation
25
when was the long telegram sent?
1946
26
who sent the Long telegram?
George Kennan
27
why did he send the long telegram?
He had witnessed stalins trials and purges and believed communism should not be shared or have an alliance with the west
28
what was Stalins response to the marshall plan?
Comecon (council for mutual economic assistance)
29
when was comecon founded?
1949
30
what were the names of the countries called the baltic states?
Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
31
why were the balitc states vital for Stalin?
They controlled access to the Baltic sea
32
what were the shared aims for the 4 zones of Germany and Berlin?
Denazification, Demilitarisation, Democratisation
33
when did US and Britain merge zones?1946
jan 1947
34
what was these merged zones called?
Bizonia
35
what was introduced in western zones of Germany?
New currency ‘Deutsmark’
36
when were the elections in Germany postwar?
1946
37
CCU Christian democrats
Conservative + catholic, popular in western zones, run by Konrad Adenaur
38
who was the first chancellor of Germany postwar?
Konrad Adenaur
39
Social democrats SDP
Moderate left, popular in western and soviet zones
40
Socialist Unity party SED
formed in the soviet zones by the forced merger of the SDP and the german communist party KPO
41
policies that were made after SED was formed
banks+industy were nationalised, land re distribution, intimiated and arrested pro western parties
42
why did KPD perform badly in the 1946 elections?
The red army had a bad reputation as they had been looting and raping duirng their occupation, anti communist propaganda
43
what did the SDP and CDU have to do in the Eastern zones of germany?
Promote the german communist party to have a compliant administration
44
when was Trizonia created?
August 1948
45
how did the west react to the berlin blockade?
imposed a counter blockade , berlin airlift
46
when did the Berlin blockade start?
1948
47
when did the Berlin blockade end?
1949
48
when was the czech crisis?
1948
49
what is meant by ‘nuclear deterrent’?
Possession of nuclear weapons as a means of deterring potential attacks
50
when was the Berlin rising?
June 1953
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