Radiographic Anatomy: Foot, Ankle and Knee
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1
How many phalanges are in the foot?
14
2
How many metatarsals are in the foot?
5
3
How many tarsal bones are in the foot?
7
4
How many bones are in the foot in total?
26
5
How do foot phalanges differ in size from hand phalanges?
Foot phalanges are smaller.
6
How does joint movement in the foot phalanges compare with the hand?
Foot joint movements are more limited.
7
Which tuberosity of the foot is palpable and a common fracture site?
The tuberosity at the base of the fifth metatarsal
8
Where are the sesamoid bones of the foot most commonly located?
On the plantar surface near the first metatarsophalangeal joint
9
What is the largest and strongest tarsal bone?
Calcaneus
10
What is the joint between the talus and calcaneus called?
Subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
11
Name the three articular facets of the subtalar joint.
Anterior, middle and posterior facets
12
Which subtalar facet is the largest?
Posterior facet
13
Which subtalar facet is the smallest?
Anterior facet
14
What is the small opening in the middle of the subtalar joint called?
Sinus tarsi (tarsal sinus)
15
Which tarsal bone forms an aspect of the ankle joint?
Talus
16
Which cuneiform is the smallest?
Intermediate (second) cuneiform
17
Which cuneiform is the largest?
Medial (first) cuneiform
18
Which tarsal bone lies on the medial side of the foot between the talus and the three cuneiforms?
Navicular
19
Which bone articulates with the second, third and fourth metatarsals?
Lateral (third) cuneiform
20
Which cuneiform articulates with the first metatarsal?
Medial (first) cuneiform
21
What is the most superior tarsal bone?
Talus
22
Which tarsal bone is a common site for bone spurs?
Calcaneus
23
Which tarsal is anterior to the calcaneus and lateral to the lateral cuneiform?
Cuboid
24
What is the second largest tarsal bone?
Talus
25
The cuboid articulates with how many bones of the foot?
Five
26
The calcaneus articulates with the talus and which other tarsal?
Cuboid
27
What are the two arches of the foot?
Longitudinal and transverse
28
Which large tendon attaches to the tuberosity of the calcaneus?
Achilles tendon
29
Which three bones make up the ankle joint?
Talus, tibia and fibula
30
What is the deep socket formed by the three ankle bones, into which the talus fits?
Ankle mortise
31
What is the distal tibial surface forming the roof of the ankle joint called?
Tibial plafond
32
Which malleolus is more posterior, and by about how much?
The lateral malleolus, by about 1 cm (1/2 inch)
33
What type of movement does the ankle joint have?
Hinge (ginglymus) type, as a synovial joint
34
Which part of the calcaneus supports the talus medially?
Sustentaculum tali
35
What is the peroneal trochlea (trochlear process)?
A small prominence on the lateral side of the calcaneus
36
Which foot projection is done with 45° medial obliquity?
AP oblique projection, medial rotation
37
Which projection of the calcaneus is the plantodorsal view?
Axial projection of the calcaneus
38
Which ankle projection uses 15° to 20° medial rotation?
AP mortise projection
39
What is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg?
Tibia
40
What is the large prominence on the proximal anterior tibia that anchors the patellar tendon?
Tibial tuberosity
41
What small prominence on the posterolateral medial femoral condyle helps identify rotation of a lateral knee?
Adductor tubercle
42
What is the triangular depression on the tibia that helps form the distal tibiofibular joint?
Fibular notch
43
What are the articular facets of the proximal tibia also called?
Tibial plateau
44
At what angle do the tibial articular facets slope posteriorly?
10° to 20°
45
What is the most proximal aspect of the fibula?
Apex (styloid process)
46
What does the extreme distal end of the fibula form?
Lateral malleolus
47
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
48
Name two other names for the patellar surface of the femur.
Intercondylar sulcus and trochlear groove
49
What is the depression on the posterior aspect of the distal femur called?
Intercondylar fossa
50
Why is the central ray angled 5° to 7° cephalad for a lateral knee?
To superimpose the medial and lateral femoral condyles
51
What are the two palpable bony landmarks of the distal femur?
Medial and lateral epicondyles
52
What is the general region of the posterior knee called?
Popliteal fossa
53
What does the patella do for the large muscle of the anterior thigh?
Acts as a pivot to increase its leverage
54
True or false: the posterior surface of the patella is normally rough.
False, it is smooth
55
True or false: 20° of knee flexion forces the patella firmly against the femur.
False
56
The foot has 14 phalanges, 5 metatarsals and tarsals.
The foot has 14 phalanges, 5 metatarsals and 7 tarsals.
57
The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the .
The largest and strongest tarsal bone is the calcaneus.
58
The is the small space in the middle of the subtalar joint.
The sinus tarsi is the small space in the middle of the subtalar joint.
59
The forms the roof of the distal ankle joint.
The tibial plafond forms the roof of the distal ankle joint.
60
The is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
The tibia is the weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.
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