Astronomy Exam 1
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1
Why use AU and light years?
space is big
AU = solar system
light years =starsalaxies
AU = solar system
light years =starsalaxies
2
What does celestial sphere do?
Mapping where things are in the sky
3
What are altitude and azimuth?
altitude = up/down
azimuth = direction
azimuth = direction
4
Why stars rise east and set west?
because earth rotates
5
What are circumpolar stars?
Never set
Near poles
Near poles
6
Why constellations change?
Earth orbits the sun
7
What causes seasons?
Earth's tilt 23.5*
8
Why is summer warm?
More sun
longer days
longer days
9
Why does the moon have phases?
We see different sunlit sides
10
How long is the moon phase cycle?
About 29.5 days
11
Why don't eclipses happen every month?
The moon's orbit is tilted, so alignment is rare
12
What causes a solar eclipse
Moon between earth and sun
13
What causes a lunar eclipse?
Earth between sun and moon
14
What does retrograde motion show?
Planets appear to move backward when earth passes them
15
What did jupiter's moons prove?
Not everything orbits earth
16
Why was a supernova important?
Showed the sky can change
17
What is parallax?
Nearby stars shift position as Earth orbits
18
What does a bigger shift mean?
The star is closer
19
What is kepler's 1st law?
Planets move in ellipses with sun at one focus
20
What is kepler's 2nd law?
Planets move faster when closer to the sun
21
What is kepler's 3rd law?
orbit period depends on distance from sun
22
What's kepler's 3rd law formula for the sun?
P^2 = a^3 (P in years, a in AU)
23
What can you find with it?
Orbital period or distance
24
Why does a spinning object speed up when it shrinks?
Angular momentum is conserved
25
Why don't planets fall into the sun?
Energy and momentum keep them in orbit
26
What's the formula for light speed?
c = λf
27
What happens if wavelength gets bigger?
Frequency gets smaller
28
What does redshift mean?
Object moving away, wavelength stretched
29
What does blueshift mean?
Object moving toward, wavelength shortened
30
What happens when an object gets hotter?
It gives off more energy and peaks at shorter wavelength
31
Why do hot stars look blue?
Wien's Law
32
How do we find temperature from light?
Use peak wavelength (wien's law)
33
How do we find speed from light?
measure doppler shift
34
What are the two main telescope types?
refracting (lenses)
reflecting (mirrors)
reflecting (mirrors)
35
Why are reflector telescopes used more?
Easier to build big
Fewer issues
Fewer issues
36
Why do bigger telescopes collect more light?
Collecting area grows with size
37
Why do bigger telescopes see more detail?
Better angular resolution
38
Why put telescopes in space?
No atmosphere blur
Can see wavelengths blocked by air
Can see wavelengths blocked by air
39
What are the main solar system patterns?
planets orbit same direction
same plane
inner rocky outer gas
same plane
inner rocky outer gas
40
What are terrestrial planets like?
small
rocky
few moons
no rings
rocky
few moons
no rings
41
What are jovian planets like?
big
gas/ice
many moons
rings
gas/ice
many moons
rings
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