KANT

A good will is one which acts for the sake of duty

The study of duty

Deontology

Acting in accordance with a moral principle or maxim

Acting in accordance with duty

To do what is morally right because it is morally right or acting out of good will

Acting out of duty

It is an imperative on how to act morally that are unconditional and universal, regardless of it's consequence or our own desires.

An imperative which is in the form of "if... then..."

"Act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law without contradictions"

Categorical imperative - first formulation

a statement that expresses a rule

Maxim

A duty not to follow a maxim that is always wrong to break

Perfect duty

A maxim in which it cannot be conceived as a law as it contradicts itself

A maxim in which it is possible to conceive as a law but rationally would not be in our best interest if everyone followed that maxim.

Contradiction in will

Act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never merely as means to an end, but always at the same time as an end

Categorical imperative - the second formulation (humanity formulation)

Perfect duties have no exception, and imperfect duties do not have to be performed all the time, therefore follow the perfect duty

- We cannot rationally will a maxim whereby they clash
- We have duty to not make such duties
- 2 rules opposed to eachother cannot be necessary at the same time

- complexity is part of living in this world
- Atleast Kant provides a basic format to work out what to do
- balancing duties is hard

"If a man shoots his dog because the animals is no longer capable of service, he does not fail in hid uty to the dog, for the dog cannot judge, but his act is inhuman and damages in himself that humanity which it is his duty to show towards mankind"