Lesson 2.1 Online Spatial Data Sources
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Online spatial data sources
are websites, databases, portals, or online services that provide geographic/spatial data through the internet.
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1. Government data portals
2. Open geographic databases
3. Satellite and remote sensing sources
4. Web mapping services
5. Global geographic datasets
6. Academicesearch repositories
2. Open geographic databases
3. Satellite and remote sensing sources
4. Web mapping services
5. Global geographic datasets
6. Academicesearch repositories
Online spatial data sources can generally be grouped into:
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NAMRIA
National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
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NAMRIA
Provides or manages various geographic and mapping information for the Philippines.
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Geoportal Philippines
A government geographic information portal that provides access to Philippine geospatial datasets and services.
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Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
Provides statistical and demographic information that can be associated with geographic areas.
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OpenStreetMap
is a collaborative, open geographic database created and maintained by contributors around the world.
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OSM data
can be very useful, but quality and completeness can vary by location.
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Satellite imagery
provides images of Earth's surface collected by satellites.
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Sentinel satellites
Operated through the Copernicus Programme.
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Landsat
A long-running Earth observation program operated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and NASA.
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Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
represent the elevation of Earth's surface digitally.
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Web Map Service (WMS)
allows GIS software to access map images from a remote server over the internet.
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WMS (Web Map Service)
Provides map images.
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WFS (Web Feature Service)
Provides geographic features/data, allowing the GIS user to work with individual features.
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WMTS (Web Map Tile Service)
Provides maps as pre-generated map tiles for efficient display.
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API (Application Programming Interface)
allows software applications to communicate with an online data service.
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GeoJSON
is a geographic data format based on JSON.
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Shapefile
is a commonly used vector GIS data format.
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•.shp — geometry
•.shx — shape index
•.dbf — attribute data
•.prj — coordinate reference system information
•.shx — shape index
•.dbf — attribute data
•.prj — coordinate reference system information
A shapefile is actually composed of multiple related files, commonly including:
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GeoTIFF
is a raster image format that stores geographiceoreferencing information within the file.
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Metadata
is information that describes a dataset.
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Accuracy
How close the data is to the actual location/value.
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Completeness
Whether all necessary features are included.
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Currency
How recently the data was updated.
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Resolution
The level of spatial detail.
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Consistency
Whether the data follows consistent standards.
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Positional accuracy
How accurately features are located geographically.
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Spatial resolution
describes the level of detail represented by spatial data, particularly raster data.
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Scale
describes the relationship between map distance and ground distance.
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Open data
Data that can generally be accessed and reused under a specified license.
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Restricted data
Data that may require:
•Permission
•Registration
•Payment
•Special authorization
•Permission
•Registration
•Payment
•Special authorization
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Attribution
means giving appropriate credit to the data source.
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Search → Evaluate → Download/Connect → Check → Process → Use
Common Online Spatial Data Workflow
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