Natural selection and genetic modifying

The natural process whereby the best-adapted individuals survive longer, have more offspring and thereby spread their characteristics. Sometimes referred to as 'survival of the fittest'.

bacteria that are not susceptible to certain antibiotics

The evolving of bacteria that makes it resistant is evidence

the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

Fossils provide an insight on how organisms have evolved over time
Stone tools that developed as humans became smarter

4.4 million year old ancestor of humans found in Ethiopia

3.2 million year old ancestor of humans found in Ethiopia

He discovered fossils from 1.6 million years ago

The development of their efficiency shows that humans evolved into being smarter. They can be dated based on where they are found in sedimentary rock as well as carbon dating

The comparison of DNA sequence to identify what family an animal belongs to. This has led to the 3 domain system

archaea, bacteria and eukaryota

primitive bacteria usually living in extreme environments . No nucleus and unused sections of genes

Cells with no nucleus and no unused section of gens

Cells with a nucleus and and unused section of genes

Living organisms with desired traits are bread so as to produce such traits in offspring

disease resistance in food crops
wheat plants that produce lots of grain
large or unusual flowers

Produce lots of milk or meat
Chickens that lay large eggs
Domestic dogs with a gentle nature

genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism

Restriction enzymes are used to isolate the gene leaving it with sticky ends
A vector is cut with the sam enzymes leaving it with corresponding sticky ends
The two ends are stuck together using ligase enzyme
The vector is used to insert the genes into the required cell
The genes are transferred to an organism

human insulin for diabetes, nutrients can be added to crops such as golden rice and plants can become more resistance

new varieties may be economically important, by producing more or better quality food
animals can be selected that cannot cause harm, for example cattle without horns

Transplanted genes may get out into the environment,
modified crops could affect food chains

diseased genes could be unknowingly selected, breeds that could be useful in the future could go extinct, physical problems could occur

Food could contain a substance that causes an allergic reaction
It's wrong to create new life forms