computer science
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1
Two's complement
the process of representing negative and positive intergers in binary
2
sign and magnitude
the process of representing negative and positive values in binary
3
Hardware
The physical components of a device, eg. CPU, GPU and CU.
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software
The digital software that performs a user orientated or computer orientated task
5
Input devices
They send a signal to the CPU
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Monitoring applications
an application that check the environment.
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Types of Sensors
Infrared sensors, gas sensors, pressure sensors and temperature sensors.
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controlling application
an application that performs the necessary actions
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Active Transponders
can pick up a signal from 300m away as well as having there own power source.
10
Passive Transponders
will only give of a signal when there is a scanner that is close.
11
Optical Storage
light refracts of the disk, which leaves burns on the surface of the disk, these burns are are called pits. These pits store 1 and 0s that can't be changed.
12
Optical storage Negative
Not Durable, Only Read because the data that is there can't be written over. Low storage capacity.
13
Magnetic Storage(HDD)
hard disk drive have a drive head that moves over the disk.
14
Magnetic Storage Positives
cheap and large capacity
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Magnetic Storage Negatives
slow access time and fragile
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Solid state Storage
the flow of electricity forcing the flow of electrons through two oxide layers.
17
solid state storage drawback
overtime the oxide layers begin to detoriate, which means the data becomes less reliable. Not very Durable
18
First Come First served
The processes are executed in the order that they come in.
19
shortest job first
picks the process that takes the shortest amount of time to complete and run it till it is complete.
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Round Robin
when each process is allocated a certain amount of time(time slice) and if its not completed within the time it is sent to the back of the ready queue.
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shortest remaining time
executes the process with the shortest remaining time.
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pre-emptive algorithm
program can be suspended, if a high priority algorithm that needs to be run.
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ready queue
is a queue of processors that need to be run.
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Types of pre-emptive Algorithms
shortest remaining time, Round Robin and Multi-level feedback queues
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the AND operation
mask 1 = copied binary sequence. mask 0 = makes everything set to 0.
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the OR operation
mask 1 = makes everything set to 0.
27
BIOS
is responsible for the loading the operating system when the computer is first turned on.
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control unit
coordinates the activites in the CPU. Also coordinates the flow of data around the CPU.
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Program Counter
Holds the address of the next instruction that needs to be fetched
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Memory Address Register
Holds the address of the instruction that is currently being executed
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Current instruction register
holds the current instruction being executed.
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Arithmetic Logic Unit
Performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.
33
Device driver
Is software that tells the operating system how to communicate with other devices.
34
Virtual storage
Is data that seems like it's being stored locally but is stored elsewhere.
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