Ch. 1-7

the capital of the Aztec empire

league of 5 Iroquois people with goals of peace in the area (Mohawk, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca, Onondaga)

ship capable of long-distance travel
made it possible to sail down the coast of Africa and back to Portugal

the reconquest of Spain from the Moors
completed 1492

traveled to the new world accompanied by religious missionaries

transatlantic flow of goods and people that began with the Spanish

people of European descent born in Spanish colonies

large scale farm belonging to a Spanish landlord controlling the labor of native americans

mixed people (Spanish and Native descent)

published by German priest Martin Luther accusing the church of worldliness and corruption
call for reform that led to the the rise of Protestant churches

Dominican priest who published an account of the injustices against the native people of the Americas (A Very Brief Account of the Destruction of the Indies)

reform of Spanish rule
residents of Indian villages were legally free/ entitled to wages but still had to perform a specific level of labor each year

the view of Spain as a brutal and exploitative colonizer

the most successful Native Americn victory over Europeans in North American history
Pueblo people (long divided) united to push out the Spanish

children of marraiges between French fur traders and Indian women

a private business organization whose shareholders included merchants, aristocrats, and members of Parliament
sponsored the voyage to form Jamestown

the Church of England formed by Henry VIII after he split England from the Catholic Church to divorce Catherine of Aragon

in England, space was becoming spare, poor farmers were evicted and pushed into overpopulating cities

introduced by the Virginia Company, award of 50 acres of land to any colonist who paid for their or another person's passage to the new world

first political insitution in the colonies that replaced the harsh regime of VA governors

an attempt from Powhatan's brother to reclaim their land

a womans's right to 1/3 her husbands property upon his death

governor of the Puritan Massachussets Bay Colony

pilgrims agreed to follow the "just and equal laws" of the colony

flow of population into Massachusetts (1629-1642)

Protestants who belonged to other denominations

1637- a fur trader was killed by Pequots, a bunch of soldiers from Connecticut and Massachusetts surrounded their village, burned it down, and killed over 500 people

baptism and half membership to the church to prevent there being no church members any more

aka: Act Concerning Religion
Christians granted free exercise of religion

conflict between colonists and natives, started many of the anti-Indian sentiments present in the colonies and pushed many out of their homes

theory that the government should regulate economy to promote national power

first in 1651 aiming to take control of world trade from the Dutch

established Parliamentary superiority in England, secured Protestant succession to the throne

1689: list of Parliament's powers (control over taxation, rights of individuals, trial by jury)

hired by England govt. to oversee colonial affairs after colonies leaders were gaining too much power

1689, allowed all Protestants to worship freely

indentured families

central PA through the Shenandoah Valley of VA and into upland NC and SC

the slave voyage across the Atlantic

a govt without a king

individual and private freedom

leaving the colonies to govern themselves

borderland between the French and British empires, Indian sovereignity

stopped colonial settlement west of the Appalaichans

each member of Parliament represents the entire empire

search warrants that allowed customs officials to search anywhere for smuggled goods

Boston, encourage opposition to the Sugar and Currency Acts

wealthy SC residents protesting the underrepresentation of western settlements in the SC assembly

new taxes on goods coming into the colonies

skirmishes between Americans and British soldiers

September 1783 (two years after the end of the war)
conclusion of negotiations between America and England
western hemispheres first independent nation

Thomas Jefferson, eliminating religious requirements for office/voting, barred a forced religion

women trained future citizens (their sons)

first constitution, more of a treaty between the states ("mutual denfense")

Daniel Shays, farmers in debt (Mass.) closed the courts to stop them from taking their land

James Madison, 2 house legistlature with representation determined by a state's population, popular with large states

single house congress where each state had one vote, popular with small states

1795, 12 tribes ceded most of Ohio and Indiana to the federal government

yearly grants of federal money to tribes that gave control to the US

former slaves remained in the country, not sent abroad

*for Europeans* almost any white person could claim citizenship