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drei hdl midterm examm

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1
use DEBUG.EXE to create and trace assembly programs
Experiment 01
2
shows or edits contents of registers
R Command
3
accepts symbolic assembly instructions
A Command
4
displays machine code for assembly instructions
U Command
5
executes instructions one at a time with register display
T Command
6
describe and use general-purpose registers
Experiment 02
7
holds result of arithmetic operations, input/output
AX Register
8
holds base address in memory or used for computations
BX Register
9
controls loops, shifts, rotates, string byte counts
CX Register
10
holds data, addresses, or high word of arithmetic result
DX Register
11
adds register/value/memory contents
ADD Instruction
12
transfers data between registers/memory/immediate
MOV Instruction
13
use DEBUG to explore memory segmentation
Experiment 03
14
starting address of program’s code segment
CS Register
15
starting address of program’s data segment
DS Register
16
starting address of program’s stack segment
SS Register
17
starting address of extra segment for data
ES Register
18
discuss behavior of flags and status register
Experiment 04
19
indicates result too long for register
CF (Carry Flag)
20
indicates even/odd parity of result
PF (Parity Flag)
21
indicates carry into upper 4 bits
AF (Auxiliary Carry Flag)
22
indicates result is zero
ZF (Zero Flag)
23
indicates result is negative
SF (Sign Flag)
24
enables/disables interrupts
IF (Interrupt Flag)
25
controls string data transfer direction
DF (Direction Flag)
26
indicates signed overflow occurred
OF (Overflow Flag)
27
use EDIT, TASM, and TLINK to create and run programs
Experiment 05
28
MS-DOS text editor for source code
EDIT.COM
29
Borland assembler converting ASM → OBJ
TASM.EXE
30
Borland linker converting OBJ → EXE/COM
TLINK.EXE
31
display a single character using DOS interrupt
Experiment 06
32
BIOS interrupt for screen handling
INT 10H
33
DOS interrupt for input/output handling
INT 21H
34
prints a single character (DL register)
INT 21H, Function 02H
35
accept keyboard input using interrupts
Experiment 07
36
accepts keyboard input with echo (AL stores char)
INT 21H, Function 01H
37
accepts keyboard input without echo
INT 21H, Function 08H
38
accept and display strings using interrupts
Experiment 09
39
displays string terminated by “\$”
INT 21H, Function 09H
40
accepts buffered keyboard input (with param list)
INT 21H, Function 0AH
41
extended screen display of string
INT 21H, Function 40H
42
loads effective memory address of variable/string
LEA Instruction
43
displays characters with attributes (color, blinking)
INT 10H, Function 09H
44
displays string with attributes and cursor options
INT 10H, Function 13H
45
register for row position
DH
46
register for column position
DL
47
register for page number
BH
48
register for color/attribute
BL
49
sets cursor position on screen (row/col)
INT 10H, Function 02H
50
resets screen, clears contents, sets cursor top-left
INT 10H, Function 00H (AL=03h)
51
cursor row value register
DH
52
cursor column value register
DL
53
displays string terminated by “\$”
INT 21H, Function 09H
54
accepts buffered keyboard input with parameter list
INT 21H, Function 0Ah
55
displays data to screen using file handle (BX=01h)
INT 21H, Function 40H
56
loads effective memory address
LEA Instruction
57
transfers program control unconditionally
JMP Instruction
58
jumps if equal/zero
JE / JZ
59
jumps if not equal/not zero
JNE / JNZ
60
loop instruction using CX counter
LOOP Instruction
61
register used to control loop count
CX Register
62
defines reusable set of instructions
Macro
63
macro declaration syntax
macro_name macro(dummy_argument) … endm
64
removes repetitive encoding of instructions
Purpose of macros
65
unique identifier for instruction set substitution
Macro Name
66
placeholder for values passed into macro
Dummy Argument
67
What does .ORG do?
.ORG sets the starting memory address for code or data
68
What does .DATA mean?
.DATA defines the data segment where variables and constants are stored
69
What does .TINY mean?
.TINY specifies the tiny memory model used to create .COM files in a single 64KB segment
70
What does .MODEL mean?
.MODEL defines the memory model arrangement of code and data (Tiny, Small, Large, etc.)
71
What does .CODE mean?
.CODE marks the beginning of the program instructions
72
What does END or END begin mean?
END indicates the end of the program, END begin specifies the starting point of execution
73
What is TASM?
TASM is Turbo Assembler, which converts .ASM source code into .OBJ object files
74
What is TLINK?
TLINK is Turbo Linker, which links .OBJ files into a final .EXE or .COM executable

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