Patho Ch. 10

any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism

bacteria inhabiting exposed surfaces of the body

• the presence and multiplication of a living organism on or within the host.

• Colonization does not cause harm to the host. Colonization DOES NOT mean infection.

the presence and multiplication of another living organism within a host

a disease state brought about by interaction with another organism that causes harm to the host

ability to produce disease

microorganisms so virulent that they are rarely found in the absence of disease

free-living organisms obtaining their growth from dead or decaying organic material from the environment; :HUMANS ARE NOT USUALLY AFFECTED BY SAPROPHYTES

normal microbiota that can cause disease when the health and immunity of the host have been severely weakened by illness, malnutrition, or medical therapy

A relationship between two species in which both species benefit
(You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours!)

the bacateria in the gut that is necessary to produce vitamin K

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the host is unaffected

only the infecting organism benefits from the relationship

viruses, rickettsiacea, chlamydiaceae

protozoans, yeast, bacteria

protein particles that lack any kind of demonstrable genome and are able to transmit infection

transmissible neurodegenerative diseases such as curetzfeldt-jacob disease and kuru; slow growing

smallest obligate intracellular pathogens that have NO ORGANIZED CELLULAR STRUCTURE and are incapable of replication outside of a living cell

either one but never both

prokaryotes that lack an organized nucleus.
contain both DNA and RNA;
contain both cell membranes and cell walls

eukaryote microorganisms that contain an organized nucleus

yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi

by microscopic appearance and staining of the cell wall

protozoa, helminths, and arthropods

ticks, mosquitoes, biting flies, etc.

roundworms, tapeworms, flukes

malaria, giardia- Single celled animals with well defined nucleus and organelled

Tick born: rocky mountain spotted fever, possibly Lyme disease

Organisms that combine the characteristics of viral and bacterial agents to produce disease in humans (obligate intracellular pathogens that have a cell wall containing DNA and RNA)?

study of the factors determining the distribution and frequency of health-related conditions in a defined human population

the rate of NEW cases of a specific disease during a particular period of time

the number of NEW and OLD cases of a disease that is present in a population at a given time, or occurrences of an event during a particular period of time

found in a particular geographic region; the incidence and prevalence are expected and relatively STABLE

abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over endemic rates

spread of disease beyond continental boundaries

penetration, direct contact, ingestion, inhalation

• Nosocomial: infections acquired in a health care facility

• Community: acquired outside health care facility

infections produced from the host's own microflora

infection originating outside an organism

inanimate objects that carry disease
nonspecific

acute illness with an abrupt onset with little or no prodrome

acute illness in which the prodromal phase is prolonged

the period of an illness in which the pathogens begin active replication WITHOUT symptoms

• initial appearance of symptoms appear;
• most contagious time

stage of illness in which the host experiences MAXIMUM impact of the disease process

Stage of infectious disease in which the host overcomes the infectious agent

total elimination of the pathogen without residual signs or symptoms of disease

disease with a protracted and irregular course without clinically apparent symptoms

substances that alter or destroy the normal function of the host or host's cells

proteins released from bacteria during cell growth that may cause many different types of symptoms

A toxic component of the outer membrane of certain gram-negative bacteria that is released only when the bacteria die.

specialized structures and attachment proteins that allow the pathogen to attach and colonize

• Mechanisms which allow pathogens to avoid the hosts defenses.
• tuberculosis is a good example of an evasive organism.

factors that facilitate penetration of anatomic barriers

the propogation of a microorganism outside of the body usually on or in artificial growth media such as agar plates or in broth

penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams

glycopeptides (vancomycin), macrolides (mycins), tetracyclines, aminoglycosides

quinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin)

sulfaziazine

What are the 2 overreaching types of antibiotic drugs?

•causes irreversible and lethal damage to the bacterial pathogen

inhibits bacterial growth

competent immune system

because bactericidal drugs must be attack while bacteria are reproducing

plague, tularemia, smallpox, hemorrhagic fever viruses