1After the umbilical cord is cut... Peripheral vascular resistance _____, systemic vascular resistance ______
1. Drops
2. Inc.
2Ductus arteriosus closes within
12-14 hours of life
3Interatrial foramen ovale closes due to
shifting pressures in right and left side of the heart
4Signs of venous insufficiency
Changes in skin color
• Pale, bluish
• Ulcers
• Varicosity
5Signs of arterial insufficiency
• Shiny skin on legs
• Skin color changes
• Slower growth of nails
• Hair loss or slower hair growth on the legs
• Wounds that won't heal
6Palpate radial and carotid pulses together to assess for....
- Aortic Coarctation: fem pulse weaker/delayed
- Normal= synchronous
7Pulsus alternans definition and possible cause
- Characterized by alternation of small and large amplitude pulsations while the rhythm is regular
- LV failure
8Pulsus bisferiens definition and possible cause
-best detected w/ carotid palpation
- 2 main peaks: 1st= percussion wave(pulse pressure), 2nd= tidal wave (Reverberation from periphery)
- d/t aortic stenosis combined w/ aortic insufficiency
9Bigeminal pulse definition and possible cause
- irreg. alteration of pressure pulse amplitude caused by PVC that follows each reg. beat
10pulsus paradoxus definition and possible cause
- Exaggerated dec. in pulse amplitude during inspiration and increase during expiration
- d/t premature contraction, tracheobronchial obstruction, bronchial asthma, emphysems, pericardial effusion, constrictive pericarditis
11Water-Hammer-Pulse (Corrigan/Collapsing Pulse) definition and possible cause
- Greater amplitude than expected (Tall/peaked, narrow pulsations)
- Causes: PDA or Aortic regurg.
12Bounding pulses in infants indicate...
PDA: large L to R shunt
13A difference in pulse amplitude between the upper extremities or between the femoral and radial pulses, and absence of the femoral pulse, suggests a
- Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
14Induration, edema, and hyperpigmentation are common associated findings with
Venous ulcer
15A venous thrombus presents with
- Minimal ankle edema
- Low-grade fever
- Tachycardia
- Possibly a positive Homan sign
16Arterial embolic disease includes occlusion of the small arteries, resulting in
- Blue toe syndrome
- Splinter hemorrhages in the nail bed
17The first and most prominent component of the jugular venous pulse is the ______. It represents...
- A wave
- Represents a brief backflow of blood into the vena cava during right atrial contraction
18An individual with peripheral artery disease or claudication will have
- Thin skin with localized pallor and cyanosis
- Coldness in the affected area
- Loss of hair over the extremities.
19Tricuspid regurgitation results in a
- Holosystolic murmur in the tricuspid region
- Pulsatile liver
- Peripheral edema
20An arteriovenous fistula is a pathologic communication between an artery and vein resulting in
a thrill or bruit and edema or ischemia in the involved extremity
21In primary Raynaud phenomenon, there is triphasic demarcation of the skin
- White, cyanotic, and reperfused
- Vasospasm that lasts a minutes to less than an hour
- Areas of cold, and an achy feeling that improves with rewarming
22Causative factors of the development of venous ulcers in older adults
- Diabetes
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Heart failure
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Arterial disease
23Observation of hand veins can facilitate the assessment of
right heart pressure
24Pitting edema to 6 mm represents
a 3+ rating
25 In infants or small children, a capillary refill time of 4 seconds indicates
dehydration or hypovolemic shock
26A venous hum is caused by the turbulence of blood flow in the internal jugular veins. It is common in
children and usually has no pathologic significance
27To detect a venous hum, auscultate over the
- Right supraclavicular space at the medial end of the clavicle and along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- It is louder during diastole
28Risk factors for varicose veins
Gender (women are four times more likely: genetic predisposition)
- tobacco use
- increased body mass
- age
- history of lower extremity trauma are all