APUSH CH10 Kroll

An interpretation of the Constitution that exalts the sovereignty of the states and circumscribes the authority of the national government.

Northern landlords, slave-owning planters, and seaport merchants who dominated the political system of the early nineteenth century.

National bank with multiple branches chartered in 1816 for twenty years. Intended to help regulate the economy, the bank became a major issue in Andrew Jackson's reelection campaign in 1832.

A highly organized group of insiders that directs a political party. As the power of notables waned in the 1820s, disciplined political parties usually run by professional politicians appeared in a number of states.

The widespread award of public jobs to political supporters after an electoral victory. In 1829, Andrew Jackson instituted the system on the national level, arguing that the rotation of officeholders was preferable to a permanent group of bureaucrats.

a meeting held by a political party to choose candidates, make policies, and enforce party discipline

The mercantilist system of national economic development advocated by Henry Clay and adopted by John Quincy Adams, with a national bank to manage the nation's financial system; protective tariffs to provide revenue and encourage industry; and a nationally funded network of roads, canals, and railroads.

Public works such as roads and canals.

A term meaning a powerful and potentially oppressive national government.

A term used by Andrew Jackson's supporters for the appointment by President John Quincy Adams of Henry Clay as his secretary of state, the traditional stepping-stone to the presidency. Clay had used his influence as Speaker of the House to elect Adams rather than Jackson in the election in 1824.

A tariff enacted in 1828 that raised duties significantly on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods. New York senator Van Buren hoped to win the support of farmers in New York, Ohio, and Kentucky with the tariff, but it enraged the South, which had no industries that needed tariff protection and resented the higher cost of imported dutied goods.

Act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi. Jackson insisted that his goal was to save the Indians and their culture. Indians resisted the controversial act, but in the end most were forced to comply.

The right to vote. Between 1820 and 1860, most states revised their constitutions to extend the vote to all adult white males. Black adult men gained the right to vote with the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment (1868). The Nineteenth Amendment (1920) granted adult women the right to vote.

Refers to the fact that the political allegiance of many American voters was determined less by party policy than by their membership in a specific ethnic or religious group.

The constitutional argument advanced by John C. Calhoun that a state legislature or convention could void a law passed by Congress.

The principle that the less government does, the better, particularly in reference to the economy.

an executive order that required the Treasury Department to accept only gold and silver in payment for lands in the national domain

Second major economic crisis of the United States, which led to hard times from 1837 to 1843.

Forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838. Nearly a quarter of the Cherokees died en route.

The second national party, the Party arose in 1834 when a group of congressmen contested Andrew Jackson's policies and conduct. The party identified itself with the pre-Revolutionary American and British parties — also called Whigs — that had opposed the arbitrary actions of British monarchs.

Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt.

Son of President John Adams and the secretary of state to James Monroe, he largely formulated the Monroe Doctrine. He was the sixth president of the United States and later became a representative in Congress.

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.

"Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory,"" first southern/ western president,"" President for the common man,"" pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process."

In 1828, he lead the fight against protective tariffs which hurt the south economically. Created the doctrine of nullification which said that a state could decide if a law was constitutional.

Senator of Massachusetts; famous American politician & orator; advocated renewal & opposed the financial policy of Jackson; many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System.

President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.

As chief justice, he wrote the important decision in the Dred Scott case, upholding police power of states and asserting the principle of social responsibility of private property.

elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States. Opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery