Clas 101 Quiz 3

water

race, kind

step

right, law

father

old man

slave

time

word

man

do, act, drive

take

go

cut, kill

give

make, do

read

send

place, put

come

away, from

to, toward

both, on both sides

before

around, about

with, together, thoroughly

against

down, away from

apart, not

equal

out of, from, away from

outside, beyond

in, into, on

not, without

below

between, among

inside, within

many

not

toward, against, across

through, by, completely, to the bad

after, behind

in front of

forward, for, on behalf of

back, again

backward

apart, without, aside

half, partly

under, beneath, secret

over, above, beyond

across, over

beyond

Saw philosophy as a brotherhood and way of life, work on math (pythagorean theorem), music, believed in the immortality and transmigration of souls (vegeterianism).

Atomic theory: the world is made up of atoms, all different sizes and constant motion.

Prisoners are stuck in a cave watching shadows on the wall. One gets free, sees the world outside, and tells the others, but they are hostile to this idea and would rather stay in the cave. This represents how we humans only see flawed reflections of things' ideal forms.

Socrates

Humans used to have 4 arms, 4 legs, 2 heads, etc but were cut in half by Zeus, they are looking for their other half.

Alexander the Great

Literary criticism, biology, political studies, logic

Epicurus

The aim of life is to avoid fear and anxiety. They believe in the atom theory, so there is no afterlife and no need to fear death. They believe Gods exist but don't care about humans. They advocate for withdrawal from pulic life.

Zeno

Everything happens in accordance with fate. The goal of life is happiness, which can be achieved though an avoidance of mental disturbances and excess emotion. Passions can be controlled through reason, and involvement in public life is important for the common good.

Diogenes

Individual freedom and self-sufficiency are the most important, rejecting social conventions, choosing a meager life over a pleasurable one.

Psyche was so beautiful that people started worshipping her instead of Venus, so Venus sent Cupid to get revenge, but he fell in love with her. He kidnapped her and brought her to a meadow, sleeping with her every night and not letting her see him. One day Psyche used a lamp to see Cupid, she falls in love because he is handsome, but he feels betrayed and runs away. Psyche chases after him and Venus makes her go through many trials to see him again. They get married and Psyche is deified.

When Oedipus was born, his parents, Laius and Jocasta, king and queen of Thebes, got a prophecy that he would kill his dad and marry his mom. They tried to expose him, but he was saved and adopted by Corinthian king and queen Polybus and Merope. As an adult he went to Delphi and heard the prophecy, on his way to Thebes he meets charioteers and gets into a fight with them, killing his dad. In Thebes he meets and defeats the Sphinx and becomes Thebes's hero and marries their queen who is his mom. A plague falls upon Thebes and Oedipus decides to exile Laius's killer. When he finds out he is the killer he blinds and exiles himself. When he is old he meets the king of Athens, the people of Athens forgive him, and he dies.

Electra's father Agamemnon pissed off Artemis and so had to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia to get the wind to move his ship so he could go to war. While he was gone, his wife/Electra's mom Clytemnestra cheats on him with his cousin Aegisthus, and they kill him when he gets back. Clytemnestra had sent her son Orestes away so he couldn't claim the throne after Agamemnon's death, but Electra convinces him to kill Clytemnestra. Orestes is then haunted by the furies but acquitted in a trial judged by Athena.

When Narcissus was born, it was predicted that he would only live a long life if he never came to know himself. Once in a forest he met a nymph named Echo who fell in love with him but rejected her. Later, he saw his reflection in a pool and fell in love, he stared at himself so long he became a flower.

Greek historians write in Greek.

He wrote "The Histories" and wrote about the Persian Wars: the battles of Marathon, Thermopylae, Salamis.

He wrote "History of the Peloponnesian War" (Athens vs Sparta).

He wrote about the Conspiracy of Catiline (Bellum Catilinae) and The Jugurthine War, he also wrote about Rome's moral and political decline. He also wrote "The Histories" although little of that book survives.

He wrote about early Roman history (Ab Urbe Condita/From the Foundation of the City), the war against Hannibal, and the spread of Rome's power. Also wrote about Rome's moral/political decline (Moralistic History: historical examples to be like or avoid).