Exam 1

Articulatory
Acoustic
Auditory
Applied

How speech sounds are formed(anatomically)

How sounds are percieved through the ear

The acoustic properties of sound waves produced by articulation

Application of phonetics in the clinic
Deals with errors of abnormalities in the production of speech sounds

Phonetics
Phonology
Phonemes
Allophones

Branch of linguistics that studies the structure and function of sounds within a language

Phonetics is independent of language, Phonology studies within a language

The smallest unit of sound that can differentiate between meaninful units in a language

Contextual variants of the same phoneme
Differ in production and sometimes sound
Do not produce minimal pairs

P sound in pit vs spit

Morphology
Morphemes

Articulatory
Acoustic
Auditory
Applied

Articulatory
Acoustic
Auditory
Applied

list of morphemes in a language

Can occur alone(run, frog)

Articulatory
Acoustic
Auditory
Applied

Express grammatical features like plurality, verb tense, etc.
(foxes, opened)

Articulatory
Acoustic
Auditory
Applied

Orthography
Grapheme
Allograph

System of written symbols used for writing of a language

Unit in a writing system of a language

Any one letter or combination of letters that represents a particular phoneme
f is f, ff, ph, gh

A shared system of arbitrary symbols allowing those who know the code fo communicate ideas

Respiratory, Laryngeal, Supralaryngeal

Influence of one culture on another

Innapropriate assumptions of beliefs and behaviors associated with particular clutures

phonological, semantic, morpho-syntactic, pragmatic

Varieties of a language spoken by a definable social or demographic group

Rules governing a speaker's native language may intrude on production in english

Difference does not mean disorder

Abducted(open) for airflow

Provides power for speech

Oral sounds: velum raised
Nasal sounds: velum lowered(resting position)

cavities and articulators that shape each sound

Trachea, Lungs, thorax, abdomen, muscles

dome-shaped muscle that forms the floor of the chest
seperates the thoracic space from the abdominal space

Several groups of muscles that run between the ribs and help to form the walls of the chest cavity
Work together to help the ribcage expand and contract during respiration

Diaphragm contracts

Diaphragm relaxes

Pressure and volue have an inverse relationship
Larger the thoracic cavity gets, the lower the pressure on the air inside the lungs

Active inspiration
Passive expiration
40/60 inhalation/exhalation

Active deeper, inspiration
Active, longer expiration to power speech
Checking action maintains even flow of air through the vocal tract

Hyoid

Cricoid, Thyroid, Arytenoid, Corniculate, Epiglottis

Production of voiced sound-->Vocal folds are adducted so they can vibrate

Increased Air flow results in decreased air pressure

Abducted(open) for airflow

Pharyngeal cavity, oral cavity, nasal cavity, articulators

Upper incisors
Hard Palate
Alveolar ridge

Lips
Mandible
Soft palate
tongue
Pharyngeal cavity

Oral sounds: velum raised
Nasal sounds: velum lowered(resting position)

Body-VP
Tip-CP
Blade-CP
Dorsum-CP
Root-VP

Open vs closed, rounded vs unrounded, spread vs protruded